在Django表单中，我如何使字段只读(或禁用)?
当使用表单创建新条目时，应该启用所有字段——但当记录处于更新模式时，某些字段需要为只读。
例如，当创建一个新的Item模型时，所有字段都必须是可编辑的，但是在更新记录时，是否有一种方法禁用sku字段，使其可见，但不能编辑?
class Item(models.Model):
sku = models.CharField(max_length=50)
description = models.CharField(max_length=200)
added_by = models.ForeignKey(User)
class ItemForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Item
exclude = ('added_by')
def new_item_view(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ItemForm(request.POST)
# Validate and save
else:
form = ItemForm()
# Render the view
ItemForm类可以重用吗?ItemForm或Item模型类需要做哪些更改?我是否需要编写另一个类“ItemUpdateForm”来更新项目?
def update_item_view(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ItemUpdateForm(request.POST)
# Validate and save
else:
form = ItemUpdateForm()
基于yamiack的回答，我找到了一个更好的、非常简单的解决方案，它也可以处理ModelMultipleChoiceField字段。
从表单中删除字段。Cleaned_data禁止保存字段:
class ReadOnlyFieldsMixin(object):
readonly_fields = ()
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
for field in (field for name, field in self.fields.iteritems() if
name in self.readonly_fields):
field.widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'true'
field.required = False
def clean(self):
for f in self.readonly_fields:
self.cleaned_data.pop(f, None)
return super(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, self).clean()
用法:
class MyFormWithReadOnlyFields(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, MyForm):
readonly_fields = ('field1', 'field2', 'fieldx')
我刚刚为一个只读字段创建了一个最简单的小部件——我真的不明白为什么表单还没有这个:
class ReadOnlyWidget(widgets.Widget):
"""Some of these values are read only - just a bit of text..."""
def render(self, _, value, attrs=None):
return value
在表格中:
my_read_only = CharField(widget=ReadOnlyWidget())
非常简单，只输出结果。在一个有一堆只读值的表单集中很方便。
当然，你也可以更聪明一点，给它一个带有attrs的div，这样你就可以在上面添加类了。
作为汉弗莱帖子的有用补充，我在django的还原中遇到了一些问题，因为它仍然将禁用字段注册为“已更改”。下面的代码修复了这个问题。
class ItemForm(ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ItemForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
instance = getattr(self, 'instance', None)
if instance and instance.id:
self.fields['sku'].required = False
self.fields['sku'].widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'disabled'
def clean_sku(self):
# As shown in the above answer.
instance = getattr(self, 'instance', None)
if instance:
try:
self.changed_data.remove('sku')
except ValueError, e:
pass
return instance.sku
else:
return self.cleaned_data.get('sku', None)
如果您需要多个只读字段。您可以使用下面给出的任何方法
方法1
class ItemForm(ModelForm):
readonly = ('sku',)
def __init__(self, *arg, **kwrg):
super(ItemForm, self).__init__(*arg, **kwrg)
for x in self.readonly:
self.fields[x].widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'disabled'
def clean(self):
data = super(ItemForm, self).clean()
for x in self.readonly:
data[x] = getattr(self.instance, x)
return data
方法2
继承的方法
class AdvancedModelForm(ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *arg, **kwrg):
super(AdvancedModelForm, self).__init__(*arg, **kwrg)
if hasattr(self, 'readonly'):
for x in self.readonly:
self.fields[x].widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'disabled'
def clean(self):
data = super(AdvancedModelForm, self).clean()
if hasattr(self, 'readonly'):
for x in self.readonly:
data[x] = getattr(self.instance, x)
return data
class ItemForm(AdvancedModelForm):
readonly = ('sku',)
