在Django表单中,我如何使字段只读(或禁用)?
当使用表单创建新条目时,应该启用所有字段——但当记录处于更新模式时,某些字段需要为只读。
例如,当创建一个新的Item模型时,所有字段都必须是可编辑的,但是在更新记录时,是否有一种方法禁用sku字段,使其可见,但不能编辑?
class Item(models.Model):
sku = models.CharField(max_length=50)
description = models.CharField(max_length=200)
added_by = models.ForeignKey(User)
class ItemForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Item
exclude = ('added_by')
def new_item_view(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ItemForm(request.POST)
# Validate and save
else:
form = ItemForm()
# Render the view
ItemForm类可以重用吗?ItemForm或Item模型类需要做哪些更改?我是否需要编写另一个类“ItemUpdateForm”来更新项目?
def update_item_view(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ItemUpdateForm(request.POST)
# Validate and save
else:
form = ItemUpdateForm()
沃克的回答对我帮助很大!
我用get_readonly_fields修改了他的例子,让它在Django 1.3中工作。
通常你应该在app/admin.py中声明这样的东西:
class ItemAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
readonly_fields = ('url',)
我是这样适应的:
# In the admin.py file
class ItemAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
def get_readonly_fields(self, request, obj=None):
if obj:
return ['url']
else:
return []
它工作得很好。现在,如果您添加一个Item, url字段是读写的,但在更改时它变成只读的。
沃克的回答对我帮助很大!
我用get_readonly_fields修改了他的例子,让它在Django 1.3中工作。
通常你应该在app/admin.py中声明这样的东西:
class ItemAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
readonly_fields = ('url',)
我是这样适应的:
# In the admin.py file
class ItemAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
def get_readonly_fields(self, request, obj=None):
if obj:
return ['url']
else:
return []
它工作得很好。现在,如果您添加一个Item, url字段是读写的,但在更改时它变成只读的。
从禁用字段mixin开始:
class ModelAllDisabledFormMixin(forms.ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
'''
This mixin to ModelForm disables all fields. Useful to have detail view based on model
'''
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
form_fields = self.fields
for key in form_fields.keys():
form_fields[key].disabled = True
然后:
class MyModelAllDisabledForm(ModelAllDisabledFormMixin, forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = MyModel
fields = '__all__'
准备视图:
class MyModelDetailView(LoginRequiredMixin, UpdateView):
model = MyModel
template_name = 'my_model_detail.html'
form_class = MyModelAllDisabledForm
把它放在my_model_detail.html模板中:
<div class="form">
<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form | crispy }}
</form>
</div>
您将获得与更新视图中相同的表单,但禁用了所有字段。
如果你使用的是Django version < 1.9(1.9添加了Field. conf)。禁用属性),你可以尝试向你的form __init__方法添加以下装饰器:
def bound_data_readonly(_, initial):
return initial
def to_python_readonly(field):
native_to_python = field.to_python
def to_python_filed(_):
return native_to_python(field.initial)
return to_python_filed
def disable_read_only_fields(init_method):
def init_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
self = args[0]
init_method(*args, **kwargs)
for field in self.fields.values():
if field.widget.attrs.get('readonly', None):
field.widget.attrs['disabled'] = True
setattr(field, 'bound_data', bound_data_readonly)
setattr(field, 'to_python', to_python_readonly(field))
return init_wrapper
class YourForm(forms.ModelForm):
@disable_read_only_fields
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
...
主要思想是,如果字段是只读的,你不需要任何其他值,除了初始值。
注:不要忘记设置yuor_form_field.widget。attrs['readonly'] = True
我也遇到了同样的问题,所以我创建了一个Mixin,它似乎适用于我的用例。
class ReadOnlyFieldsMixin(object):
readonly_fields =()
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
for field in (field for name, field in self.fields.iteritems() if name in self.readonly_fields):
field.widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'true'
field.required = False
def clean(self):
cleaned_data = super(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin,self).clean()
for field in self.readonly_fields:
cleaned_data[field] = getattr(self.instance, field)
return cleaned_data
用法,只需定义哪些必须是只读的:
class MyFormWithReadOnlyFields(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, MyForm):
readonly_fields = ('field1', 'field2', 'fieldx')