下面是一个简单的示例，它提交了一个表单，然后将结果页面转储到System.out。当然，要适当地更改URL和POST参数:

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;

class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        URL url = new URL("http://example.net/new-message.php");
        Map<String,Object> params = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        params.put("name", "Freddie the Fish");
        params.put("email", "fishie@seamail.example.com");
        params.put("reply_to_thread", 10394);
        params.put("message", "Shark attacks in Botany Bay have gotten out of control. We need more defensive dolphins to protect the schools here, but Mayor Porpoise is too busy stuffing his snout with lobsters. He's so shellfish.");

        StringBuilder postData = new StringBuilder();
        for (Map.Entry<String,Object> param : params.entrySet()) {
            if (postData.length() != 0) postData.append('&');
            postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(param.getKey(), "UTF-8"));
            postData.append('=');
            postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(String.valueOf(param.getValue()), "UTF-8"));
        }
        byte[] postDataBytes = postData.toString().getBytes("UTF-8");

        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
        conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(postDataBytes.length));
        conn.setDoOutput(true);
        conn.getOutputStream().write(postDataBytes);

        Reader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));

        for (int c; (c = in.read()) >= 0;)
            System.out.print((char)c);
    }
}

如果你想将结果作为字符串而不是直接打印出来，请:

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int c; (c = in.read()) >= 0;)
            sb.append((char)c);
        String response = sb.toString();

我已经阅读了上面的答案，并创建了一个实用工具类来简化HTTP请求。我希望它能帮助你。

方法调用

  // send params with Hash Map
    HashMap<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
    params.put("email","me@example.com");
    params.put("password","12345");

    //server url
    String url = "http://www.example.com";

    // static class "HttpUtility" with static method "newRequest(url,method,callback)"
    HttpUtility.newRequest(url,HttpUtility.METHOD_POST,params, new HttpUtility.Callback() {
        @Override
        public void OnSuccess(String response) {
        // on success
           System.out.println("Server OnSuccess response="+response);
        }
        @Override
        public void OnError(int status_code, String message) {
        // on error
              System.out.println("Server OnError status_code="+status_code+" message="+message);
        }
    });

实用程序类

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK;

public class HttpUtility {

 public static final int METHOD_GET = 0; // METHOD GET
 public static final int METHOD_POST = 1; // METHOD POST

 // Callback interface
 public interface Callback {
  // abstract methods
  public void OnSuccess(String response);
  public void OnError(int status_code, String message);
 }
 // static method
 public static void newRequest(String web_url, int method, HashMap < String, String > params, Callback callback) {

  // thread for handling async task
  new Thread(new Runnable() {
   @Override
   public void run() {
    try {
     String url = web_url;
     // write GET params,append with url
     if (method == METHOD_GET && params != null) {
      for (Map.Entry < String, String > item: params.entrySet()) {
       String key = URLEncoder.encode(item.getKey(), "UTF-8");
       String value = URLEncoder.encode(item.getValue(), "UTF-8");
       if (!url.contains("?")) {
        url += "?" + key + "=" + value;
       } else {
        url += "&" + key + "=" + value;
       }
      }
     }

     HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection();
     urlConnection.setUseCaches(false);
     urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); // handle url encoded form data
     urlConnection.setRequestProperty("charset", "utf-8");
     if (method == METHOD_GET) {
      urlConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
     } else if (method == METHOD_POST) {
      urlConnection.setDoOutput(true); // write POST params
      urlConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
     }

     //write POST data 
     if (method == METHOD_POST && params != null) {
      StringBuilder postData = new StringBuilder();
      for (Map.Entry < String, String > item: params.entrySet()) {
       if (postData.length() != 0) postData.append('&');
       postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(item.getKey(), "UTF-8"));
       postData.append('=');
       postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(String.valueOf(item.getValue()), "UTF-8"));
      }
      byte[] postDataBytes = postData.toString().getBytes("UTF-8");
      urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(postDataBytes.length));
      urlConnection.getOutputStream().write(postDataBytes);

     }
     // server response code
     int responseCode = urlConnection.getResponseCode();
     if (responseCode == HTTP_OK && callback != null) {
      BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(urlConnection.getInputStream()));
      StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
      String line;
      while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
       response.append(line);
      }
      // callback success
      callback.OnSuccess(response.toString());
      reader.close(); // close BufferReader
     } else if (callback != null) {
      // callback error
      callback.OnError(responseCode, urlConnection.getResponseMessage());
     }

     urlConnection.disconnect(); // disconnect connection
    } catch (IOException e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
     if (callback != null) {
      // callback error
      callback.OnError(500, e.getLocalizedMessage());
     }
    }
   }
  }).start(); // start thread
 }
}

我发现HttpURLConnection使用起来非常麻烦。你必须写大量样板，容易出错的代码。我需要一个轻量级的包装为我的Android项目，并提出了一个库，你可以使用:DavidWebb。

上面的例子可以这样写:

Webb webb = Webb.create();
webb.post("http://example.com/index.php")
        .param("param1", "a")
        .param("param2", "b")
        .param("param3", "c")
        .ensureSuccess()
        .asVoid();

您可以在提供的链接上找到备选库的列表。

对于那些使用$_POST在php页面上接收请求的问题，因为你期望键值对:

虽然所有的答案都很有帮助，但我对实际发布哪个字符串缺乏一些基本的了解，因为在我使用的旧apache HttpClient中

new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs); (Java)

然后可以在php中使用$_POST获取键值对。

据我的理解，现在已经在发布之前手动构建该字符串。所以字符串应该是这样的

val data = "key1=val1&key2=val2"

而是只是把它添加到它被张贴的url(在头)。

另一种方法是使用json-string:

val data = "{\"key1\":\"val1\",\"key2\":\"val2\"}" // {"key1":"val1","key2":"val2"}

然后把它拉到php中，不需要$_POST:

$json_params = file_get_contents('php://input');
// echo_p("Data: $json_params");
$data = json_decode($json_params, true);

下面是Kotlin中的示例代码:

class TaskDownloadTest : AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>() {
    override fun doInBackground(vararg params: Void): Void? {
        var urlConnection: HttpURLConnection? = null

        try {

            val postData = JsonObject()
            postData.addProperty("key1", "val1")
            postData.addProperty("key2", "val2")

            // reformat json to key1=value1&key2=value2
            // keeping json because I may change the php part to interpret json requests, could be a HashMap instead
            val keys = postData.keySet()
            var request = ""
            keys.forEach { key ->
                // Log.i("data", key)
                request += "$key=${postData.get(key)}&"
            }
            request = request.replace("\"", "").removeSuffix("&")
            val requestLength = request.toByteArray().size
            // Warning in Android 9 you need to add a line in the application part of the manifest: android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
            // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45940861/android-8-cleartext-http-traffic-not-permitted
            val url = URL("http://10.0.2.2/getdata.php")
            urlConnection = url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection
            // urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded") // apparently default
            // Not sure what these are for, I do not use them
            // urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json")
            // urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Key","Value")
            urlConnection.readTimeout = 5000
            urlConnection.connectTimeout = 5000
            urlConnection.requestMethod = "POST"
            urlConnection.doOutput = true
            // urlConnection.doInput = true
            urlConnection.useCaches = false
            urlConnection.setFixedLengthStreamingMode(requestLength)
            // urlConnection.setChunkedStreamingMode(0) // if you do not want to handle request length which is fine for small requests

            val out = urlConnection.outputStream
            val writer = BufferedWriter(
                OutputStreamWriter(
                    out, "UTF-8"
                )
            )
            writer.write(request)
            // writer.write("{\"key1\":\"val1\",\"key2\":\"val2\"}") // {"key1":"val1","key2":"val2"} JsonFormat or just postData.toString() for $json_params=file_get_contents('php://input'); json_decode($json_params, true); in php
            // writer.write("key1=val1&key2=val2") // key=value format for $_POST in php
            writer.flush()
            writer.close()
            out.close()

            val code = urlConnection.responseCode
            if (code != 200) {
                throw IOException("Invalid response from server: $code")
            }

            val rd = BufferedReader(
                InputStreamReader(
                    urlConnection.inputStream
                )
            )
            var line = rd.readLine()
            while (line != null) {
                Log.i("data", line)
                line = rd.readLine()
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            e.printStackTrace()
        } finally {
            urlConnection?.disconnect()
        }

        return null
    }
}

我不能让Alan的例子来做这个帖子，所以我最终用了这个:

String urlParameters = "param1=a&param2=b&param3=c";
URL url = new URL("http://example.com/index.php");
URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();

conn.setDoOutput(true);

OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream());

writer.write(urlParameters);
writer.flush();

String line;
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));

while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
    System.out.println(line);
}
writer.close();
reader.close();         

我看到一些其他的答案给出了另一种选择，我个人认为直觉上你在做正确的事情;)不好意思，在devoxx上，有几个演讲者一直在抱怨这种事情。

这就是为什么我个人使用Apache的HTTPClient/HttpCore库来做这类工作，我发现它们的API比Java的原生HTTP支持更容易使用。当然是YMMV了!