我对这里的选择都不太满意。这对我来说很管用。

str=$(printf "%s" "first line")
str=$(printf "$str\n%s" "another line")
str=$(printf "$str\n%s" "and another line")

问题不在于外壳。问题实际上出在echo命令本身，以及变量插值时缺少双引号。您可以尝试使用echo -e，但并非所有平台都支持它，这也是现在推荐使用printf的原因之一，因为它具有可移植性。

您还可以尝试直接在shell脚本中插入换行符(如果您正在编写脚本)，因此它看起来像…

#!/bin/sh
echo "Hello
World"
#EOF

或者同样的

#!/bin/sh
string="Hello
World"
echo "$string"  # note double quotes!

我不是bash专家，但这个对我来说很管用:

STR1="Hello"
STR2="World"
NEWSTR=$(cat << EOF
$STR1

$STR2
EOF
)
echo "$NEWSTR"

我发现这更容易格式化文本。

如果你正在使用Bash，你可以在一个特别引用的$'string'中使用反斜杠转义。例如，添加\n:

STR=$'Hello\nWorld'
echo "$STR" # quotes are required here!

打印:

Hello
World

如果你使用的是其他shell，只需在字符串中插入换行符:

STR='Hello
World'

Bash在$ "字符串中识别出许多其他反斜杠转义序列。以下是Bash手册页面的节选:

Words of the form $'string' are treated specially. The word expands to
string, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the
ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded
as follows:
      \a     alert (bell)
      \b     backspace
      \e
      \E     an escape character
      \f     form feed
      \n     new line
      \r     carriage return
      \t     horizontal tab
      \v     vertical tab
      \\     backslash
      \'     single quote
      \"     double quote
      \nnn   the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
             nnn (one to three digits)
      \xHH   the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
             value HH (one or two hex digits)
      \cx    a control-x character

The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
been present.

A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($"string") will cause
the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the
current locale is C or POSIX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the
string is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.

我对这里的选择都不太满意。这对我来说很管用。

str=$(printf "%s" "first line")
str=$(printf "$str\n%s" "another line")
str=$(printf "$str\n%s" "and another line")

Echo是90年代的，而且充满了危险，使用它应该会导致内核转储不少于4GB。严肃地说，echo的问题是Unix标准化进程最终发明printf实用程序的原因，它解决了所有问题。

要在字符串中获取换行符，有两种方法:

# 1) Literal newline in an assignment.
FOO="hello
world"
# 2) Command substitution.
BAR=$(printf "hello\nworld\n") # Alternative; note: final newline is deleted
printf '<%s>\n' "$FOO"
printf '<%s>\n' "$BAR"

在那里!没有SYSV和BSD的回声疯狂，所有东西都被整齐地打印出来，并完全支持C转义序列。请大家现在就使用printf来满足所有的输出需求，不要回头。