找到了一种方法，可以很好地做到这一点，而无需在API >= 21上创建自己的布局。

它只会在操作栏中对文本和控件绘图进行着色。

希望对别人有用。

<!--Material design primary colors-->
<style name="AppBaseTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light">
    <item name="colorPrimary">@color/primary</item>
    <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/primary_dark</item>
    <item name="colorAccent">@color/accent</item>
    <item name="android:navigationBarColor">@color/primary_dark</item>
    <item name="actionBarTheme">@style/AppBaseTheme.Toolbar</item>
</style>

<!--Action bar-->
<style name="AppBaseTheme.Toolbar" parent="Widget.AppCompat.ActionBar.Solid">
    <item name="android:textColorPrimary">@color/action_bar_text</item>
    <item name="colorControlNormal">@color/action_bar_text</item>
</style>

尝试了很多方法，在低版本的API中，一个可行的方法是<item name="actionMenuTextColor">@color/your_color</item>，不要使用Android命名空间，希望可以帮助到你

ps:

  <style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar">
    <!-- Customize your theme here. -->
    <item name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item>
    <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item>
    <item name="colorAccent">@color/colorAccent</item>
    <item name="actionMenuTextColor">@color/actionMenuTextColor</item>
</style>

<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
  xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
  android:id="@+id/toolbar"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  android:background="@color/color_primary"
  android:theme="@style/GalaxyZooThemeToolbarDarkOverflow"
  app:popupTheme="@style/Theme.AppCompat.NoActionBar" />


<style name="GalaxyZooThemeToolbarDarkOverflow" parent="Theme.AppCompat.NoActionBar">
  <!-- android:textColorPrimary is the  color of the title text
       in the Toolbar, in the Theme.AppCompat theme:  -->
  <item name="android:textColorPrimary">@color/abc_primary_text_material_light</item>
 
  <!-- android:textColorPrimaryInverse is the  color of the title
       text in the Toolbar, in the Theme.AppCompat.Light theme:  -->
  <!-- <item name="android:textColorPrimaryInverse">@color/abc_primary_text_material_light</item> -->
 
  <!-- android:actionMenuTextColor is the color of the text of
        action (menu) items in the Toolbar, at least in the
        Theme.AppCompat theme.
        For some reason, they already get the textColorPrimary
        when running on API 21, but not on older versions of
        Android, so this is only necessary to support older
        Android versions.-->
        <item name="actionMenuTextColor">@color/abc_primary_text_material_light</item>
  <!-- android:textColorSecondary is the color of the menu
       overflow icon (three vertical dots) -->
  <item name="android:textColorSecondary">@color/abc_secondary_text_material_light</item>
 
  <!-- This would set the toolbar's background color,
        but setting this also changes the popup menu's background,
        even if we define popupTheme for our <Toolbar> -->
  <!-- <item name="android:background">@color/color_primary</item> -->
</style>


**Reference:**
[https://www.murrayc.com/permalink/2014/10/28/android-changing-the-toolbars-text-color-and-overflow-icon-color/][1]

就我而言，我切换到AndroidX工具栏，而不是使用本机操作栏。此外，我依赖于视图绑定从活动访问工具栏，但您可以使用findViewById(…)。

(我删除了不相关的代码)。

styles.xml:

...
<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.MaterialComponents.Light.NoActionBar">
  ...
</style>
...

activity_main.xml:

...
<androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
  android:id="@+id/toolbarMain"
  android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.ActionBar"
  app:titleTextColor="@color/colorOnPrimary"
  ...
/>
...

MainActivity.kt:

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

  private lateinit var binding: ActivityMainBinding
  ...

  override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    ...
    binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main)
    setSupportActionBar(binding.toolbarMain)
    ...
  }

  ...
}

这是一个老话题，但对于未来的读者来说，使用工具栏使一切变得非常简单:

Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.tool_bar);
toolbar.setTitle(R.string.app_name);
toolbar.setTitleTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.someColor));
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);

如果你想样式的字幕，然后简单地添加这在您的自定义样式。

<item name="android:subtitleTextStyle">@style/MyTheme.ActionBar.TitleTextStyle</item>

如果有人想在AppCompat库中得到同样的结果，那么这就是我所使用的:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<style name="CustomActivityTheme" parent="@style/Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
        <item name="android:actionBarStyle">@style/MyActionBar</item>
        <item name="actionBarStyle">@style/MyActionBar</item>
        <!-- other activity and action bar styles here -->
    </style>

    <!-- style for the action bar backgrounds -->
    <style name="MyActionBar" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
        <item name="android:background">@drawable/actionbar_background</item>
        <item name="background">@drawable/actionbar_background</item>
        <item name="android:titleTextStyle">@style/MyTheme.ActionBar.TitleTextStyle</item>
        <item name="android:subtitleTextStyle">@style/MyTheme.ActionBar.TitleTextStyle</item>
        <item name="titleTextStyle">@style/MyTheme.ActionBar.TitleTextStyle</item>
        <item name="subtitleTextStyle">@style/MyTheme.ActionBar.TitleTextStyle</item>
     </style>
    <style name="MyTheme.ActionBar.TitleTextStyle" parent="@style/TextAppearance.AppCompat.Widget.ActionBar.Title">
        <item name="android:textColor">@color/color_title</item>
      </style>
</resources>