查询数据:不存在实体

               string query = "SELECT r.Name as roleName, ur.roleId, u.Id as userId   FROM dbo.AspNetUserRoles AS ur INNER JOIN dbo.AspNetUsers AS u ON ur.UserId = u.Id INNER JOIN dbo.AspNetRoles AS r ON ur.RoleId = r.Id ";

               ICollection<object> usersWithRoles = new List<object>();
                using (var command = _identityDBContext.Database.GetDbConnection().CreateCommand())
                {
                    command.CommandText = query;
                    command.CommandType = CommandType.Text;

                    await _identityDBContext.Database.OpenConnectionAsync();

                    using (var reader = await command.ExecuteReaderAsync())
                    {      
                        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
                        {
                            usersWithRoles.Add(new { 
                                roleName = reader.GetFieldValueAsync<string>(0).Result, 
                                roleId = reader.GetFieldValueAsync<string>(1).Result,
                                userId = reader.GetFieldValueAsync<string>(2).Result
                            });
                        }    
                    }
                }

详细:

 [HttpGet]
    [Route("GetAllUsersWithRoles")]
    public async Task<IActionResult> GetAllUsersWithRoles()
    {
        string query = "SELECT r.Name as roleName, ur.roleId, u.Id as userId   FROM dbo.AspNetUserRoles AS ur INNER JOIN dbo.AspNetUsers AS u ON ur.UserId = u.Id INNER JOIN dbo.AspNetRoles AS r ON ur.RoleId = r.Id ";
        try
        {
            ICollection<object> usersWithRoles = new List<object>();
            using (var command = _identityDBContext.Database.GetDbConnection().CreateCommand())
            {
                command.CommandText = query;
                command.CommandType = CommandType.Text;

                await _identityDBContext.Database.OpenConnectionAsync();

                using (var reader = await command.ExecuteReaderAsync())
                {      
                    while (await reader.ReadAsync())
                    {
                        usersWithRoles.Add(new { 
                            roleName = reader.GetFieldValueAsync<string>(0).Result, 
                            roleId = reader.GetFieldValueAsync<string>(1).Result,
                            userId = reader.GetFieldValueAsync<string>(2).Result
                        });
                    }    
                }
            }
                return StatusCode(200, usersWithRoles); // Get all users   
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            return StatusCode(500, e);
        }
    }

结果如下所示:

[
  {
    "roleName": "admin",
    "roleId": "7c9cb1be-e987-4ec1-ae4d-e4c9790f57d8",
    "userId": "12eadc86-6311-4d5e-8be8-df30799df265"
  },
  {
    "roleName": "user",
    "roleId": "a0d5ef46-b1e6-4a53-91ce-9ff5959f1ed8",
    "userId": "12eadc86-6311-4d5e-8be8-df30799df265"
  },
  {
    "roleName": "user",
    "roleId": "a0d5ef46-b1e6-4a53-91ce-9ff5959f1ed8",
    "userId": "3e7cd970-8c52-4dd1-847c-f824671ea15d"
  }
]

我找到了EntityFrameworkCore包。RawSQLExtensions在github上。要使用它，添加nuget包。

<PackageReference Include="EntityFrameworkCore.RawSQLExtensions" Version="1.2.0" />

这个库没有文档，但下面是我在。net 6 + EF Core 6 + Npgsql 6中使用它

public class DbResult
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
}

using EntityFrameworkCore.RawSQLExtensions.Extensions;

var results = await context.Database
    .SqlQuery<DbResult>(
        @"select name, age from ""users"" where age > @Age",
        new NpgsqlParameter("@Age", 15))
    .ToListAsync();

我的案例使用了存储过程而不是原始SQL

创建一个类

Public class School
{
    [Key]
    public Guid SchoolId { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Branch { get; set; }
    public int NumberOfStudents  { get; set; }
}

下面在我的DbContext类上添加

public DbSet<School> SP_Schools { get; set; }

执行存储过程。

var MySchools = _db.SP_Schools.FromSqlRaw("GetSchools @schoolId, @page, @size ",
              new SqlParameter("schoolId", schoolId),
              new SqlParameter("page", page),
              new SqlParameter("size", size)))
.IgnoreQueryFilters();

在EF核心你不再可以执行“自由”原始sql。您需要为该类定义一个POCO类和一个DbSet。 在你的情况下，你需要定义Rank:

var ranks = DbContext.Ranks
   .FromSql("SQL_SCRIPT OR STORED_PROCEDURE @p0,@p1,...etc", parameters)
   .AsNoTracking().ToList();

因为它肯定是只读的，所以包含. asnotracking()调用会很有用。

EF Core 3.0的突破性变化:

DbQuery()现在已经过时了，取而代之的应该是DbSet()。如果你有一个无键实体，即它不需要主键，你可以使用HasNoKey()方法:

ModelBuilder.Entity<SomeModel>().HasNoKey()

更多信息可以在这里找到

我更新了扩展方法从@AminRostami返回IAsyncEnumerable(这样LINQ过滤可以应用)，它的映射模型列名的记录从DB返回到模型(EF Core 5测试):

扩展本身:

public static class QueryHelper
{
    private static string GetColumnName(this MemberInfo info)
    {
        List<ColumnAttribute> list = info.GetCustomAttributes<ColumnAttribute>().ToList();
        return list.Count > 0 ? list.Single().Name : info.Name;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Executes raw query with parameters and maps returned values to column property names of Model provided.
    /// Not all properties are required to be present in model (if not present - null)
    /// </summary>
    public static async IAsyncEnumerable<T> ExecuteQuery<T>(
        [NotNull] this DbContext db,
        [NotNull] string query,
        [NotNull] params SqlParameter[] parameters)
        where T : class, new()
    {
        await using DbCommand command = db.Database.GetDbConnection().CreateCommand();
        command.CommandText = query;
        command.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
        if (parameters != null)
        {
            foreach (SqlParameter parameter in parameters)
            {
                command.Parameters.Add(parameter);
            }
        }
        await db.Database.OpenConnectionAsync();
        await using DbDataReader reader = await command.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        List<PropertyInfo> lstColumns = new T().GetType()
            .GetProperties(BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic).ToList();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            T newObject = new();
            for (int i = 0; i < reader.FieldCount; i++)
            {
                string name = reader.GetName(i);
                PropertyInfo prop = lstColumns.FirstOrDefault(a => a.GetColumnName().Equals(name));
                if (prop == null)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                object val = await reader.IsDBNullAsync(i) ? null : reader[i];
                prop.SetValue(newObject, val, null);
            }
            yield return newObject;
        }
    }
}

使用的模型(注意列名与实际的属性名不同):

public class School
{
    [Key] [Column("SCHOOL_ID")] public int SchoolId { get; set; }

    [Column("CLOSE_DATE", TypeName = "datetime")]
    public DateTime? CloseDate { get; set; }

    [Column("SCHOOL_ACTIVE")] public bool? SchoolActive { get; set; }
}

实际的用法:

public async Task<School> ActivateSchool(int schoolId)
{
    // note that we're intentionally not returning "SCHOOL_ACTIVE" with select statement
    // this might be because of certain IF condition where we return some other data
    return await _context.ExecuteQuery<School>(
        "UPDATE SCHOOL SET SCHOOL_ACTIVE = 1 WHERE SCHOOL_ID = @SchoolId; SELECT SCHOOL_ID, CLOSE_DATE FROM SCHOOL",
        new SqlParameter("@SchoolId", schoolId)
    ).SingleAsync();
}

这个解决方案很大程度上依赖于@pius的解决方案。我想添加支持查询参数的选项，以帮助减少SQL注入，我还想使它成为实体框架核心的DbContext DatabaseFacade的扩展，使它更加集成。

首先用扩展名创建一个新类:

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace EF.Extend
{

    public static class ExecuteSqlExt
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Execute raw SQL query with query parameters
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">the return type</typeparam>
        /// <param name="db">the database context database, usually _context.Database</param>
        /// <param name="query">the query string</param>
        /// <param name="map">the map to map the result to the object of type T</param>
        /// <param name="queryParameters">the collection of query parameters, if any</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static List<T> ExecuteSqlRawExt<T, P>(this DatabaseFacade db, string query, Func<DbDataReader, T> map, IEnumerable<P> queryParameters = null)
        {
            using (var command = db.GetDbConnection().CreateCommand())
            {
                if((queryParameters?.Any() ?? false))
                    command.Parameters.AddRange(queryParameters.ToArray());

                command.CommandText = query;
                command.CommandType = CommandType.Text;

                db.OpenConnection();

                using (var result = command.ExecuteReader())
                {
                    var entities = new List<T>();

                    while (result.Read())
                    {
                        entities.Add(map(result));
                    }

                    return entities;
                }
            }
                
        }
    }

}

注意上面的“T”是返回的类型，“P”是查询参数的类型，这取决于你是否使用MySql、Sql等。

接下来我们将展示一个例子。我使用的是MySql EF核心功能，所以我们将看到如何使用上面的通用扩展与这个更具体的MySql实现:

//add your using statement for the extension at the top of your Controller
//with all your other using statements
using EF.Extend;

//then your your Controller looks something like this
namespace Car.Api.Controllers
{

    //Define a quick Car class for the custom return type
    //you would want to put this in it's own class file probably
    public class Car
    {
        public string Make { get; set; }
        public string Model { get; set; }
        public string DisplayTitle { get; set; }
    }

    [ApiController]
    public class CarController : ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly ILogger<CarController> _logger;
        //this would be your Entity Framework Core context
        private readonly CarContext _context;

        public CarController(ILogger<CarController> logger, CarContext context)
        {
            _logger = logger;
            _context = context;
        }

        //... more stuff here ...

       /// <summary>
       /// Get car example
       /// </summary>
       [HttpGet]
       public IEnumerable<Car> Get()
       {
           //instantiate three query parameters to pass with the query
           //note the MySqlParameter type is because I'm using MySql
           MySqlParameter p1 = new MySqlParameter
           {
               ParameterName = "id1",
               Value = "25"
           };

           MySqlParameter p2 = new MySqlParameter
           {
               ParameterName = "id2",
               Value = "26"
           };

           MySqlParameter p3 = new MySqlParameter
           {
               ParameterName = "id3",
               Value = "27"
           };

           //add the 3 query parameters to an IEnumerable compatible list object
           List<MySqlParameter> queryParameters = new List<MySqlParameter>() { p1, p2, p3 };

           //note the extension is now easily accessed off the _context.Database object
           //also note for ExecuteSqlRawExt<Car, MySqlParameter>
           //Car is my return type "T"
           //MySqlParameter is the specific DbParameter type MySqlParameter type "P"
           List<Car> result = _context.Database.ExecuteSqlRawExt<Car, MySqlParameter>(
        "SELECT Car.Make, Car.Model, CONCAT_WS('', Car.Make, ' ', Car.Model) As DisplayTitle FROM Car WHERE Car.Id IN(@id1, @id2, @id3)",
        x => new Car { Make = (string)x[0], Model = (string)x[1], DisplayTitle = (string)x[2] }, 
        queryParameters);

           return result;
       }
    }
}

查询将返回如下行: “福特”，“探险家”，“福特探险家” “特斯拉”，“Model X”，“特斯拉Model X”

显示标题没有定义为数据库列，因此默认情况下它不是EF Car模型的一部分。作为众多可能的解决方案之一，我喜欢这种方法。本页上的其他答案引用了使用[NotMapped]装饰器解决此问题的其他方法，这取决于您的用例，可能是更合适的方法。

注意，本例中的代码显然比实际需要的更冗长，但我认为它使示例更清晰。