我有一份人们的身份证和名字的名单,还有一份人们的身份证和姓氏的名单。有些人没有名字,有些人没有姓;我想在这两个列表上做一个完整的外部连接。

下面列出:

ID  FirstName
--  ---------
 1  John
 2  Sue

ID  LastName
--  --------
 1  Doe
 3  Smith

应该生产:

ID  FirstName  LastName
--  ---------  --------
 1  John       Doe
 2  Sue
 3             Smith

我已经发现了相当多的解决方案的“LINQ外部连接”,它们看起来都很相似,但似乎真的是离开外部连接。

到目前为止我的尝试是这样的:

private void OuterJoinTest()
{
    List<FirstName> firstNames = new List<FirstName>();
    firstNames.Add(new FirstName { ID = 1, Name = "John" });
    firstNames.Add(new FirstName { ID = 2, Name = "Sue" });

    List<LastName> lastNames = new List<LastName>();
    lastNames.Add(new LastName { ID = 1, Name = "Doe" });
    lastNames.Add(new LastName { ID = 3, Name = "Smith" });

    var outerJoin = from first in firstNames
        join last in lastNames
        on first.ID equals last.ID
        into temp
        from last in temp.DefaultIfEmpty()
        select new
        {
            id = first != null ? first.ID : last.ID,
            firstname = first != null ? first.Name : string.Empty,
            surname = last != null ? last.Name : string.Empty
        };
    }
}

public class FirstName
{
    public int ID;
    
    public string Name;
}
    
public class LastName
{
    public int ID;
    
    public string Name;
}

但结果是:

ID  FirstName  LastName
--  ---------  --------
 1  John       Doe
 2  Sue

我做错了什么?


当前回答

我决定把这个作为一个单独的答案,因为我不确定它是否经过了足够的测试。这是FullOuterJoin方法的重新实现,基本上使用了简化的、定制的LINQKit Invoke/Expand for Expression版本,以便它可以在实体框架中工作。没有太多的解释,因为这和我之前的答案几乎一样。

public static class Ext {
    private static Expression<Func<TP, TC, TResult>> CastSMBody<TP, TC, TResult>(LambdaExpression ex, TP unusedP, TC unusedC, TResult unusedRes) => (Expression<Func<TP, TC, TResult>>)ex;

    public static IQueryable<TResult> LeftOuterJoin<TLeft, TRight, TKey, TResult>(
        this IQueryable<TLeft> leftItems,
        IQueryable<TRight> rightItems,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TKey>> leftKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TRight, TKey>> rightKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TRight, TResult>> resultSelector) {

        // (lrg,r) => resultSelector(lrg.left, r)
        var sampleAnonLR = new { left = default(TLeft), rightg = default(IEnumerable<TRight>) };
        var parmP = Expression.Parameter(sampleAnonLR.GetType(), "lrg");
        var parmC = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TRight), "r");
        var argLeft = Expression.PropertyOrField(parmP, "left");
        var newleftrs = CastSMBody(Expression.Lambda(resultSelector.Apply(argLeft, parmC), parmP, parmC), sampleAnonLR, default(TRight), default(TResult));

        return leftItems.GroupJoin(rightItems, leftKeySelector, rightKeySelector, (left, rightg) => new { left, rightg }).SelectMany(r => r.rightg.DefaultIfEmpty(), newleftrs);
    }

    public static IQueryable<TResult> RightOuterJoin<TLeft, TRight, TKey, TResult>(
        this IQueryable<TLeft> leftItems,
        IQueryable<TRight> rightItems,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TKey>> leftKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TRight, TKey>> rightKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TRight, TResult>> resultSelector) {

        // (lgr,l) => resultSelector(l, lgr.right)
        var sampleAnonLR = new { leftg = default(IEnumerable<TLeft>), right = default(TRight) };
        var parmP = Expression.Parameter(sampleAnonLR.GetType(), "lgr");
        var parmC = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TLeft), "l");
        var argRight = Expression.PropertyOrField(parmP, "right");
        var newrightrs = CastSMBody(Expression.Lambda(resultSelector.Apply(parmC, argRight), parmP, parmC), sampleAnonLR, default(TLeft), default(TResult));

        return rightItems.GroupJoin(leftItems, rightKeySelector, leftKeySelector, (right, leftg) => new { leftg, right })
                         .SelectMany(l => l.leftg.DefaultIfEmpty(), newrightrs);
    }

    private static Expression<Func<TParm, TResult>> CastSBody<TParm, TResult>(LambdaExpression ex, TParm unusedP, TResult unusedRes) => (Expression<Func<TParm, TResult>>)ex;

    public static IQueryable<TResult> RightAntiSemiJoin<TLeft, TRight, TKey, TResult>(
        this IQueryable<TLeft> leftItems,
        IQueryable<TRight> rightItems,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TKey>> leftKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TRight, TKey>> rightKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TRight, TResult>> resultSelector) where TLeft : class where TRight : class where TResult : class {

        // newrightrs = lgr => resultSelector(default(TLeft), lgr.right)
        var sampleAnonLgR = new { leftg = (IEnumerable<TLeft>)null, right = default(TRight) };
        var parmLgR = Expression.Parameter(sampleAnonLgR.GetType(), "lgr");
        var argLeft = Expression.Constant(default(TLeft), typeof(TLeft));
        var argRight = Expression.PropertyOrField(parmLgR, "right");
        var newrightrs = CastSBody(Expression.Lambda(resultSelector.Apply(argLeft, argRight), parmLgR), sampleAnonLgR, default(TResult));

        return rightItems.GroupJoin(leftItems, rightKeySelector, leftKeySelector, (right, leftg) => new { leftg, right }).Where(lgr => !lgr.leftg.Any()).Select(newrightrs);
    }

    public static IQueryable<TResult> FullOuterJoin<TLeft, TRight, TKey, TResult>(
        this IQueryable<TLeft> leftItems,
        IQueryable<TRight> rightItems,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TKey>> leftKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TRight, TKey>> rightKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TRight, TResult>> resultSelector)  where TLeft : class where TRight : class where TResult : class {

        return leftItems.LeftOuterJoin(rightItems, leftKeySelector, rightKeySelector, resultSelector).Concat(leftItems.RightAntiSemiJoin(rightItems, leftKeySelector, rightKeySelector, resultSelector));
    }

    public static Expression Apply(this LambdaExpression e, params Expression[] args) {
        var b = e.Body;

        foreach (var pa in e.Parameters.Cast<ParameterExpression>().Zip(args, (p, a) => (p, a))) {
            b = b.Replace(pa.p, pa.a);
        }

        return b.PropagateNull();
    }

    public static Expression Replace(this Expression orig, Expression from, Expression to) => new ReplaceVisitor(from, to).Visit(orig);
    public class ReplaceVisitor : System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionVisitor {
        public readonly Expression from;
        public readonly Expression to;

        public ReplaceVisitor(Expression _from, Expression _to) {
            from = _from;
            to = _to;
        }

        public override Expression Visit(Expression node) => node == from ? to : base.Visit(node);
    }

    public static Expression PropagateNull(this Expression orig) => new NullVisitor().Visit(orig);
    public class NullVisitor : System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionVisitor {
        public override Expression Visit(Expression node) {
            if (node is MemberExpression nme && nme.Expression is ConstantExpression nce && nce.Value == null)
                return Expression.Constant(null, nce.Type.GetMember(nme.Member.Name).Single().GetMemberType());
            else
                return base.Visit(node);
        }
    }

    public static Type GetMemberType(this MemberInfo member) {
        switch (member) {
            case FieldInfo mfi:
                return mfi.FieldType;
            case PropertyInfo mpi:
                return mpi.PropertyType;
            case EventInfo mei:
                return mei.EventHandlerType;
            default:
                throw new ArgumentException("MemberInfo must be if type FieldInfo, PropertyInfo or EventInfo", nameof(member));
        }
    }
}

其他回答

我决定把这个作为一个单独的答案,因为我不确定它是否经过了足够的测试。这是FullOuterJoin方法的重新实现,基本上使用了简化的、定制的LINQKit Invoke/Expand for Expression版本,以便它可以在实体框架中工作。没有太多的解释,因为这和我之前的答案几乎一样。

public static class Ext {
    private static Expression<Func<TP, TC, TResult>> CastSMBody<TP, TC, TResult>(LambdaExpression ex, TP unusedP, TC unusedC, TResult unusedRes) => (Expression<Func<TP, TC, TResult>>)ex;

    public static IQueryable<TResult> LeftOuterJoin<TLeft, TRight, TKey, TResult>(
        this IQueryable<TLeft> leftItems,
        IQueryable<TRight> rightItems,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TKey>> leftKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TRight, TKey>> rightKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TRight, TResult>> resultSelector) {

        // (lrg,r) => resultSelector(lrg.left, r)
        var sampleAnonLR = new { left = default(TLeft), rightg = default(IEnumerable<TRight>) };
        var parmP = Expression.Parameter(sampleAnonLR.GetType(), "lrg");
        var parmC = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TRight), "r");
        var argLeft = Expression.PropertyOrField(parmP, "left");
        var newleftrs = CastSMBody(Expression.Lambda(resultSelector.Apply(argLeft, parmC), parmP, parmC), sampleAnonLR, default(TRight), default(TResult));

        return leftItems.GroupJoin(rightItems, leftKeySelector, rightKeySelector, (left, rightg) => new { left, rightg }).SelectMany(r => r.rightg.DefaultIfEmpty(), newleftrs);
    }

    public static IQueryable<TResult> RightOuterJoin<TLeft, TRight, TKey, TResult>(
        this IQueryable<TLeft> leftItems,
        IQueryable<TRight> rightItems,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TKey>> leftKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TRight, TKey>> rightKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TRight, TResult>> resultSelector) {

        // (lgr,l) => resultSelector(l, lgr.right)
        var sampleAnonLR = new { leftg = default(IEnumerable<TLeft>), right = default(TRight) };
        var parmP = Expression.Parameter(sampleAnonLR.GetType(), "lgr");
        var parmC = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TLeft), "l");
        var argRight = Expression.PropertyOrField(parmP, "right");
        var newrightrs = CastSMBody(Expression.Lambda(resultSelector.Apply(parmC, argRight), parmP, parmC), sampleAnonLR, default(TLeft), default(TResult));

        return rightItems.GroupJoin(leftItems, rightKeySelector, leftKeySelector, (right, leftg) => new { leftg, right })
                         .SelectMany(l => l.leftg.DefaultIfEmpty(), newrightrs);
    }

    private static Expression<Func<TParm, TResult>> CastSBody<TParm, TResult>(LambdaExpression ex, TParm unusedP, TResult unusedRes) => (Expression<Func<TParm, TResult>>)ex;

    public static IQueryable<TResult> RightAntiSemiJoin<TLeft, TRight, TKey, TResult>(
        this IQueryable<TLeft> leftItems,
        IQueryable<TRight> rightItems,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TKey>> leftKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TRight, TKey>> rightKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TRight, TResult>> resultSelector) where TLeft : class where TRight : class where TResult : class {

        // newrightrs = lgr => resultSelector(default(TLeft), lgr.right)
        var sampleAnonLgR = new { leftg = (IEnumerable<TLeft>)null, right = default(TRight) };
        var parmLgR = Expression.Parameter(sampleAnonLgR.GetType(), "lgr");
        var argLeft = Expression.Constant(default(TLeft), typeof(TLeft));
        var argRight = Expression.PropertyOrField(parmLgR, "right");
        var newrightrs = CastSBody(Expression.Lambda(resultSelector.Apply(argLeft, argRight), parmLgR), sampleAnonLgR, default(TResult));

        return rightItems.GroupJoin(leftItems, rightKeySelector, leftKeySelector, (right, leftg) => new { leftg, right }).Where(lgr => !lgr.leftg.Any()).Select(newrightrs);
    }

    public static IQueryable<TResult> FullOuterJoin<TLeft, TRight, TKey, TResult>(
        this IQueryable<TLeft> leftItems,
        IQueryable<TRight> rightItems,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TKey>> leftKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TRight, TKey>> rightKeySelector,
        Expression<Func<TLeft, TRight, TResult>> resultSelector)  where TLeft : class where TRight : class where TResult : class {

        return leftItems.LeftOuterJoin(rightItems, leftKeySelector, rightKeySelector, resultSelector).Concat(leftItems.RightAntiSemiJoin(rightItems, leftKeySelector, rightKeySelector, resultSelector));
    }

    public static Expression Apply(this LambdaExpression e, params Expression[] args) {
        var b = e.Body;

        foreach (var pa in e.Parameters.Cast<ParameterExpression>().Zip(args, (p, a) => (p, a))) {
            b = b.Replace(pa.p, pa.a);
        }

        return b.PropagateNull();
    }

    public static Expression Replace(this Expression orig, Expression from, Expression to) => new ReplaceVisitor(from, to).Visit(orig);
    public class ReplaceVisitor : System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionVisitor {
        public readonly Expression from;
        public readonly Expression to;

        public ReplaceVisitor(Expression _from, Expression _to) {
            from = _from;
            to = _to;
        }

        public override Expression Visit(Expression node) => node == from ? to : base.Visit(node);
    }

    public static Expression PropagateNull(this Expression orig) => new NullVisitor().Visit(orig);
    public class NullVisitor : System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionVisitor {
        public override Expression Visit(Expression node) {
            if (node is MemberExpression nme && nme.Expression is ConstantExpression nce && nce.Value == null)
                return Expression.Constant(null, nce.Type.GetMember(nme.Member.Name).Single().GetMemberType());
            else
                return base.Visit(node);
        }
    }

    public static Type GetMemberType(this MemberInfo member) {
        switch (member) {
            case FieldInfo mfi:
                return mfi.FieldType;
            case PropertyInfo mpi:
                return mpi.PropertyType;
            case EventInfo mei:
                return mei.EventHandlerType;
            default:
                throw new ArgumentException("MemberInfo must be if type FieldInfo, PropertyInfo or EventInfo", nameof(member));
        }
    }
}

正如您所发现的,Linq没有“外部连接”结构。您所能得到的最接近的是使用您所声明的查询的左外连接。为此,你可以添加任何没有在join中表示的姓氏列表元素:

outerJoin = outerJoin.Concat(lastNames.Select(l=>new
                            {
                                id = l.ID,
                                firstname = String.Empty,
                                surname = l.Name
                            }).Where(l=>!outerJoin.Any(o=>o.id == l.id)));

下面是一个扩展方法:

public static IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TLeft, TRight>> FullOuterJoin<TLeft, TRight>(this IEnumerable<TLeft> leftItems, Func<TLeft, object> leftIdSelector, IEnumerable<TRight> rightItems, Func<TRight, object> rightIdSelector)
{
    var leftOuterJoin = from left in leftItems
        join right in rightItems on leftIdSelector(left) equals rightIdSelector(right) into temp
        from right in temp.DefaultIfEmpty()
        select new { left, right };

    var rightOuterJoin = from right in rightItems
        join left in leftItems on rightIdSelector(right) equals leftIdSelector(left) into temp
        from left in temp.DefaultIfEmpty()
        select new { left, right };

    var fullOuterJoin = leftOuterJoin.Union(rightOuterJoin);

    return fullOuterJoin.Select(x => new KeyValuePair<TLeft, TRight>(x.left, x.right));
}

我喜欢她的回答,但它没有使用延迟执行(输入序列被调用ToLookup急切地枚举)。因此,在查看了LINQ-to-objects的.NET源代码后,我想到了这个:

public static class LinqExtensions
{
    public static IEnumerable<TResult> FullOuterJoin<TLeft, TRight, TKey, TResult>(
        this IEnumerable<TLeft> left,
        IEnumerable<TRight> right,
        Func<TLeft, TKey> leftKeySelector,
        Func<TRight, TKey> rightKeySelector,
        Func<TLeft, TRight, TKey, TResult> resultSelector,
        IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparator = null,
        TLeft defaultLeft = default(TLeft),
        TRight defaultRight = default(TRight))
    {
        if (left == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("left");
        if (right == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("right");
        if (leftKeySelector == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("leftKeySelector");
        if (rightKeySelector == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("rightKeySelector");
        if (resultSelector == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("resultSelector");

        comparator = comparator ?? EqualityComparer<TKey>.Default;
        return FullOuterJoinIterator(left, right, leftKeySelector, rightKeySelector, resultSelector, comparator, defaultLeft, defaultRight);
    }

    internal static IEnumerable<TResult> FullOuterJoinIterator<TLeft, TRight, TKey, TResult>(
        this IEnumerable<TLeft> left,
        IEnumerable<TRight> right,
        Func<TLeft, TKey> leftKeySelector,
        Func<TRight, TKey> rightKeySelector,
        Func<TLeft, TRight, TKey, TResult> resultSelector,
        IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparator,
        TLeft defaultLeft,
        TRight defaultRight)
    {
        var leftLookup = left.ToLookup(leftKeySelector, comparator);
        var rightLookup = right.ToLookup(rightKeySelector, comparator);
        var keys = leftLookup.Select(g => g.Key).Union(rightLookup.Select(g => g.Key), comparator);

        foreach (var key in keys)
            foreach (var leftValue in leftLookup[key].DefaultIfEmpty(defaultLeft))
                foreach (var rightValue in rightLookup[key].DefaultIfEmpty(defaultRight))
                    yield return resultSelector(leftValue, rightValue, key);
    }
}

该实现具有以下重要属性:

延迟执行,在枚举输出序列之前不会枚举输入序列。 每个输入序列只枚举一次。 保留输入序列的顺序,在某种意义上,它将以左序列和右序列的顺序生成元组(对于不在左序列中出现的键)。

这些属性很重要,因为它们是那些刚接触FullOuterJoin但有LINQ经验的人所期望的。

谢谢大家的有趣帖子!

我修改了代码,因为在我的情况下我需要

个性化的连接谓词 一个个性化的联合,独特的比较

这是我修改过的代码(不好意思,用VB写的)

    Module MyExtensions
        <Extension()>
        Friend Function FullOuterJoin(Of TA, TB, TResult)(ByVal a As IEnumerable(Of TA), ByVal b As IEnumerable(Of TB), ByVal joinPredicate As Func(Of TA, TB, Boolean), ByVal projection As Func(Of TA, TB, TResult), ByVal comparer As IEqualityComparer(Of TResult)) As IEnumerable(Of TResult)
            Dim joinL =
                From xa In a
                From xb In b.Where(Function(x) joinPredicate(xa, x)).DefaultIfEmpty()
                Select projection(xa, xb)
            Dim joinR =
                From xb In b
                From xa In a.Where(Function(x) joinPredicate(x, xb)).DefaultIfEmpty()
                Select projection(xa, xb)
            Return joinL.Union(joinR, comparer)
        End Function
    End Module

    Dim fullOuterJoin = lefts.FullOuterJoin(
        rights,
        Function(left, right) left.Code = right.Code And (left.Amount [...] Or left.Description.Contains [...]),
        Function(left, right) New CompareResult(left, right),
        New MyEqualityComparer
    )

    Public Class MyEqualityComparer
        Implements IEqualityComparer(Of CompareResult)

        Private Function GetMsg(obj As CompareResult) As String
            Dim msg As String = ""
            msg &= obj.Code & "_"
            [...]
            Return msg
        End Function

        Public Overloads Function Equals(x As CompareResult, y As CompareResult) As Boolean Implements IEqualityComparer(Of CompareResult).Equals
            Return Me.GetMsg(x) = Me.GetMsg(y)
        End Function

        Public Overloads Function GetHashCode(obj As CompareResult) As Integer Implements IEqualityComparer(Of CompareResult).GetHashCode
            Return Me.GetMsg(obj).GetHashCode
        End Function
    End Class