in the spirit of sharing... this is a method I use frequently to run shell scripts. you can add a script to your product bundle (in the copy phase of the build) and then have the script be read and run at runtime. note: this code looks for the script in the privateFrameworks sub-path. warning: this could be a security risk for deployed products, but for our in-house development it is an easy way to customize simple things (like which host to rsync to...) without re-compiling the application, but just editing the shell script in the bundle.

//------------------------------------------------------
-(void) runScript:(NSString*)scriptName
{
    NSTask *task;
    task = [[NSTask alloc] init];
    [task setLaunchPath: @"/bin/sh"];

    NSArray *arguments;
    NSString* newpath = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@",[[NSBundle mainBundle] privateFrameworksPath], scriptName];
    NSLog(@"shell script path: %@",newpath);
    arguments = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:newpath, nil];
    [task setArguments: arguments];

    NSPipe *pipe;
    pipe = [NSPipe pipe];
    [task setStandardOutput: pipe];

    NSFileHandle *file;
    file = [pipe fileHandleForReading];

    [task launch];

    NSData *data;
    data = [file readDataToEndOfFile];

    NSString *string;
    string = [[NSString alloc] initWithData: data encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSLog (@"script returned:\n%@", string);    
}
//------------------------------------------------------

编辑:包括修复NSLog问题

如果你正在使用NSTask通过bash运行命令行实用程序，那么你需要包括这条神奇的行来保持NSLog工作:

//The magic line that keeps your log where it belongs
[task setStandardInput:[NSPipe pipe]];

时代背景:

NSPipe *pipe;
pipe = [NSPipe pipe];
[task setStandardOutput: pipe];
//The magic line that keeps your log where it belongs
[task setStandardInput:[NSPipe pipe]];

解释在这里:http://www.cocoadev.com/index.pl?NSTask

或者因为Objective C只是C，上面有一些OO层，你可以使用posix对等物:

int execl(const char *path, const char *arg0, ..., const char *argn, (char *)0);
int execle(const char *path, const char *arg0, ..., const char *argn, (char *)0, char *const envp[]);
int execlp(const char *file, const char *arg0, ..., const char *argn, (char *)0);
int execlpe(const char *file, const char *arg0, ..., const char *argn, (char *)0, char *const envp[]);
int execv(const char *path, char *const argv[]);
int execve(const char *path, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]);
int execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);
int execvpe(const char *file, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]); 

它们包含在unistd.h头文件中。

如果终端命令需要管理员权限(又名sudo)，请使用AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges代替。 下面将创建一个名为“com.stackoverflow”的文件。test是根目录“/System/Library/Caches”。

AuthorizationRef authorizationRef;
FILE *pipe = NULL;
OSStatus err = AuthorizationCreate(nil,
                                   kAuthorizationEmptyEnvironment,
                                   kAuthorizationFlagDefaults,
                                   &authorizationRef);

char *command= "/usr/bin/touch";
char *args[] = {"/System/Library/Caches/com.stackoverflow.test", nil};

err = AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges(authorizationRef,
                                         command,
                                         kAuthorizationFlagDefaults,
                                         args,
                                         &pipe); 

下面是如何在Swift中做到这一点

Swift 3.0的变化: nspape已被重命名为Pipe NSTask已重命名为Process

这是基于inkit的Objective-C答案上面。他把它写成NSString -的category 对于Swift来说，它成为了String的扩展。

extension String. runascommand() ->字符串

extension String {
    func runAsCommand() -> String {
        let pipe = Pipe()
        let task = Process()
        task.launchPath = "/bin/sh"
        task.arguments = ["-c", String(format:"%@", self)]
        task.standardOutput = pipe
        let file = pipe.fileHandleForReading
        task.launch()
        if let result = NSString(data: file.readDataToEndOfFile(), encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue) {
            return result as String
        }
        else {
            return "--- Error running command - Unable to initialize string from file data ---"
        }
    }
}

用法:

let input = "echo hello"
let output = input.runAsCommand()
print(output)                        // prints "hello"

或者是:

print("echo hello".runAsCommand())   // prints "hello" 

例子:

@IBAction func toggleFinderShowAllFiles(_ sender: AnyObject) {

    var newSetting = ""
    let readDefaultsCommand = "defaults read com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles"

    let oldSetting = readDefaultsCommand.runAsCommand()

    // Note: the Command results are terminated with a newline character

    if (oldSetting == "0\n") { newSetting = "1" }
    else { newSetting = "0" }

    let writeDefaultsCommand = "defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles \(newSetting) ; killall Finder"

    _ = writeDefaultsCommand.runAsCommand()

}

注意从Pipe中读取的Process结果是一个NSString对象。它可能是一个错误字符串，也可能是一个空字符串，但它应该总是一个NSString。

因此，只要它不是nil，结果就可以转换为Swift String并返回。

如果由于某种原因，没有NSString可以从文件数据初始化，该函数返回一个错误消息。函数可以被写成返回一个可选的String?，但这将是尴尬的使用，也不会起到有用的作用，因为这种情况不太可能发生。

肯特的文章给了我一个新想法。这个runCommand方法不需要脚本文件，只需要用一行来运行命令:

- (NSString *)runCommand:(NSString *)commandToRun
{
    NSTask *task = [[NSTask alloc] init];
    [task setLaunchPath:@"/bin/sh"];

    NSArray *arguments = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                          @"-c" ,
                          [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", commandToRun],
                          nil];
    NSLog(@"run command:%@", commandToRun);
    [task setArguments:arguments];

    NSPipe *pipe = [NSPipe pipe];
    [task setStandardOutput:pipe];

    NSFileHandle *file = [pipe fileHandleForReading];

    [task launch];

    NSData *data = [file readDataToEndOfFile];

    NSString *output = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    return output;
}

你可以这样使用这个方法:

NSString *output = runCommand(@"ps -A | grep mysql");

验尸官说:

我很惊讶没有人真正陷入阻塞/非阻塞调用问题

关于NSTask的阻塞/非阻塞调用问题，请阅读以下内容:

asynctask。m——示例代码，展示了如何实现异步stdin, stdout和stderr流处理数据与NSTask

asynctask的源代码。m可以在GitHub上找到。