我对Python和多线程编程非常陌生。基本上，我有一个脚本，将文件复制到另一个位置。我想把这个放在另一个线程，这样我就可以输出....表示脚本仍在运行。
我遇到的问题是，如果文件不能复制，它将抛出异常。如果在主线程中运行，这是可以的;但是，使用以下代码是无效的:
try:
threadClass = TheThread(param1, param2, etc.)
threadClass.start() ##### **Exception takes place here**
except:
print "Caught an exception"
在线程类本身中，我试图重新抛出异常，但它不起作用。我在这里看到有人问类似的问题，但他们似乎都在做一些比我试图做的更具体的事情(我不太理解所提供的解决方案)。我看到有人提到sys.exc_info()的用法，但我不知道在哪里或如何使用它。
编辑:线程类的代码如下:
class TheThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, sourceFolder, destFolder):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.sourceFolder = sourceFolder
self.destFolder = destFolder
def run(self):
try:
shul.copytree(self.sourceFolder, self.destFolder)
except:
raise
捕获线程异常并与调用方方法通信的一个简单方法是将字典或列表传递给worker方法。
示例(将字典传递给工作方法):
import threading
def my_method(throw_me):
raise Exception(throw_me)
def worker(shared_obj, *args, **kwargs):
try:
shared_obj['target'](*args, **kwargs)
except Exception as err:
shared_obj['err'] = err
shared_obj = {'err':'', 'target': my_method}
throw_me = "Test"
th = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(shared_obj, throw_me), kwargs={})
th.start()
th.join()
if shared_obj['err']:
print(">>%s" % shared_obj['err'])
并发。Futures模块使得在单独的线程(或进程)中工作并处理任何由此产生的异常变得简单:
import concurrent.futures
import shutil
def copytree_with_dots(src_path, dst_path):
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1) as executor:
# Execute the copy on a separate thread,
# creating a future object to track progress.
future = executor.submit(shutil.copytree, src_path, dst_path)
while future.running():
# Print pretty dots here.
pass
# Return the value returned by shutil.copytree(), None.
# Raise any exceptions raised during the copy process.
return future.result()
并发。futures包含在Python 3.2中，并可作为早期版本的反向移植futures模块使用。
我喜欢这门课:
https://gist.github.com/earonesty/b88d60cb256b71443e42c4f1d949163e
import threading
from typing import Any
class PropagatingThread(threading.Thread):
"""A Threading Class that raises errors it caught, and returns the return value of the target on join."""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self._target = None
self._args = ()
self._kwargs = {}
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.exception = None
self.return_value = None
assert self._target
def run(self):
"""Don't override this if you want the behavior of this class, use target instead."""
try:
if self._target:
self.return_value = self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
except Exception as e:
self.exception = e
finally:
# see super().run() for why this is necessary
del self._target, self._args, self._kwargs
def join(self, timeout=None) -> Any:
super().join(timeout)
if self.exception:
raise self.exception
return self.return_value
类似于RickardSjogren的方法，没有Queue, sys等，但也没有一些信号监听器:直接执行一个异常处理程序，对应于一个异常块。
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import threading
class ExceptionThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, callback=None, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Redirect exceptions of thread to an exception handler.
:param callback: function to handle occured exception
:type callback: function(thread, exception)
:param args: arguments for threading.Thread()
:type args: tuple
:param kwargs: keyword arguments for threading.Thread()
:type kwargs: dict
"""
self._callback = callback
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def run(self):
try:
if self._target:
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
except BaseException as e:
if self._callback is None:
raise e
else:
self._callback(self, e)
finally:
# Avoid a refcycle if the thread is running a function with
# an argument that has a member that points to the thread.
del self._target, self._args, self._kwargs, self._callback
只有自我。_callback和run()中的except块是普通threading.Thread之外的。
这个问题有很多非常奇怪复杂的答案。我是不是把它简化了，因为对我来说，这似乎对大多数事情都足够了。
from threading import Thread
class PropagatingThread(Thread):
def run(self):
self.exc = None
try:
if hasattr(self, '_Thread__target'):
# Thread uses name mangling prior to Python 3.
self.ret = self._Thread__target(*self._Thread__args, **self._Thread__kwargs)
else:
self.ret = self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
except BaseException as e:
self.exc = e
def join(self, timeout=None):
super(PropagatingThread, self).join(timeout)
if self.exc:
raise self.exc
return self.ret
如果你确定你只会在一个或另一个版本的Python上运行，你可以将run()方法减少到只有被破坏的版本(如果你只在3之前的Python版本上运行)，或者仅仅是干净的版本(如果你只在3开始的Python版本上运行)。
使用示例:
def f(*args, **kwargs):
print(args)
print(kwargs)
raise Exception('I suck at this')
t = PropagatingThread(target=f, args=(5,), kwargs={'hello':'world'})
t.start()
t.join()
当您加入时，您将看到在另一个线程上引发异常。
如果您正在使用six或仅在Python 3上使用，则可以改进重新引发异常时获得的堆栈跟踪信息。您可以将内部异常包装在一个新的外部异常中，而不是仅在连接点处使用堆栈，并使用
six.raise_from(RuntimeError('Exception in thread'),self.exc)
or
raise RuntimeError('Exception in thread') from self.exc
