As others mentioned, there is no "first item", since dictionaries have no guaranteed order (they're implemented as hash tables). If you want, for example, the value corresponding to the smallest key, thedict[min(thedict)] will do that. If you care about the order in which the keys were inserted, i.e., by "first" you mean "inserted earliest", then in Python 3.1 you can use collections.OrderedDict, which is also in the forthcoming Python 2.7; for older versions of Python, download, install, and use the ordered dict backport (2.4 and later) which you can find here.

Python 3.7 现在字典是按插入顺序排列的。

忽略字典排序的问题，这样可能会更好:

next(dict.itervalues())

这样就避免了项查找和生成不使用的键的列表。

Python3

next(iter(dict.values()))

如果你只需要访问一个元素(碰巧是第一个元素，因为字典不保证顺序)，你可以在Python 2中简单地这样做:

my_dict.keys()[0]    # key of "first" element
my_dict.values()[0]  # value of "first" element
my_dict.items()[0]   # (key, value) tuple of "first" element

请注意(据我所知)Python不能保证连续两次调用这些方法中的任何一个都会返回相同顺序的list。Python3不支持这一点。

在Python 3中:

list(my_dict.keys())[0]    # key of "first" element
list(my_dict.values())[0]  # value of "first" element
list(my_dict.items())[0]   # (key, value) tuple of "first" element

As others mentioned, there is no "first item", since dictionaries have no guaranteed order (they're implemented as hash tables). If you want, for example, the value corresponding to the smallest key, thedict[min(thedict)] will do that. If you care about the order in which the keys were inserted, i.e., by "first" you mean "inserted earliest", then in Python 3.1 you can use collections.OrderedDict, which is also in the forthcoming Python 2.7; for older versions of Python, download, install, and use the ordered dict backport (2.4 and later) which you can find here.

Python 3.7 现在字典是按插入顺序排列的。

这个怎么样。这里还没有提到。

Py 2和Py 3

a = {"a":2,"b":3}
a[list(a)[0]] # the first element is here
>>> 2

你可以做:

for k in sorted(d.keys()):
    print d[k]

这将为您提供一个一致排序的键集(我猜是相对于builtin.hash())，如果排序对您有任何意义，您可以对其进行处理。这意味着，例如，即使扩展字典，数值类型也会保持一致排序。

例子

# lets create a simple dictionary
d = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:4, 10:10, 100:100}
print d.keys()
print sorted(d.keys())

# add some other stuff
d['peter'] = 'peter'
d['parker'] = 'parker'
print d.keys()
print sorted(d.keys())

# some more stuff, numeric of different type, this will "mess up" the keys set order
d[0.001] = 0.001
d[3.14] = 'pie'
d[2.71] = 'apple pie'
print d.keys()
print sorted(d.keys())

请注意，字典在打印时是排序的。但是键集本质上是一个hashmap!