下面是Mark Reed解决方案的PowerShell实现:

git show-branch -a | where-object { $_.Contains('*') -eq $true} | Where-object {$_.Contains($branchName) -ne $true } | select -first 1 | % {$_ -replace('.*\[(.*)\].*','$1')} | % { $_ -replace('[\^~].*','') }

使用Ant进行跨平台实现

    <exec executable="git" outputproperty="currentBranch">
        <arg value="rev-parse" />  
        <arg value="--abbrev-ref" />  
        <arg value="HEAD" />  
    </exec>

    <exec executable="git" outputproperty="showBranchOutput">
        <arg value="show-branch" />  
        <arg value="-a" />  
    </exec>

    <loadresource property="baseBranch">
      <propertyresource name="showBranchOutput"/>
          <filterchain>
            <linecontains>
              <contains value="*"/>
            </linecontains>
            <linecontains negate="true">
              <contains value="${currentBranch}"/>
            </linecontains>
            <headfilter lines="1"/>
            <tokenfilter>
                <replaceregex pattern=".*\[(.*)\].*" replace="\1"/>
                <replaceregex pattern="[\^~].*" replace=""/>
            </tokenfilter>
          </filterchain>
    </loadresource>

    <echo message="${currentBranch} ${baseBranch}" />

在多个分支中寻找第一次提交的shell函数:

# Get the first commit hash of a given branch.
# Uses `git branch --contains` to backward (starts from HEAD) check each commits
# and output that branch's name.
first_commit_of_branch() {
    if [ $# -ne 1 ] || [ -z "${1}" ] ; then
        (>&2 echo "Error: Missing or empty branch name.")
        (>&2 echo "Usage: $0 branch_to_test")
        return 2
    fi
    local branch_to_test="${1}"; shift
    local commit_index_to_test
    local maximum_number_of_commit_to_test
    local branch_count_having_tested_commit

    git rev-parse --verify --quiet "${branch_to_test}" 2>&1 > /dev/null || {
        (>&2 echo "Error: Branch \"${branch_to_test}\" does not exists.")
        return 2
    }

    commit_index_to_test=0
    maximum_number_of_commit_to_test=$(git rev-list --count "${branch_to_test}")

    while [ ${commit_index_to_test} -le ${maximum_number_of_commit_to_test} ] ; do
        # Testing commit $branch_to_test~$commit_index_to_test…

        # If it fails, it means we tested all commits from the most recent of
        # branch $branch_to_test to the very first of the git DAG. So it must be it.
        git rev-parse --verify --quiet ${branch_to_test}~${commit_index_to_test} 2>&1 > /dev/null || {
            git rev-list --max-parents=0 "${branch_to_test}"
            return 0
        }

        branch_count_having_tested_commit="$( \
            git --no-pager branch --no-abbrev --verbose \
                --contains ${branch_to_test}~${commit_index_to_test} \
            | cut -c 3- \
            | cut -d ' ' -f 2 \
            | wc -l \
        )"

        # Tested commit found in more than one branch
        if [ ${branch_count_having_tested_commit} -gt 1 ] ; then
            if [ ${commit_index_to_test} -eq 0 ]; then
                (>&2 echo "Error: The most recent commit of branch \"${branch_to_test}\" (${branch_to_test}~${commit_index_to_test}) is already in more than one branch. This is likely a new branch without any commit (yet). Cannot continue.")
                return 1
            else
                # Commit $branch_to_test~$commit_index_to_test is in more than
                # one branch, stopping there…
                git rev-parse ${branch_to_test}~$((commit_index_to_test-1))
                return 0
            fi
        fi
        # else: Commit $branch_to_test~$commit_index_to_test is still only in
        #       branch ${branch_to_test} continuing…"
        commit_index_to_test=$((commit_index_to_test+1))
    done
}

警告:当在一个有子分支的分支上执行并且没有新的提交时，它会失败。

A---B---C---D      <- "main" branch
 \   \
  \   E---F        <- "work1" branch
   \       \
    \       G---H  <- "work1-b" branch
     \
      I---J        <- "work2" branch

first_commit_of_branch main # C
first_commit_of_branch work1 # (Fails)
first_commit_of_branch work1-b # G
first_commit_of_branch work2 # I

Git附带了几个GUI客户端，可以帮助您可视化这些内容。打开GitGUI，进入菜单Repository→可视化所有分支历史。

请记住，正如“Git:查找一个提交来自哪个分支”中所描述的那样，你不能轻易地确定提交是在哪个分支进行的(分支可以重命名、移动、删除……)，即使Git branch——contains <commit>是一个开始。

你可以从commit返回到commit，直到git分支——contains <commit>没有列出feature分支和development分支， 比较提交SHA1到/refs/heads/develop

如果两个提交id匹配，就可以继续了(这意味着特性分支的起源在develop的HEAD)。

一个解决方案

基于git show-branch的解决方案不太适合我(见下文)，所以我把它与基于git log的解决方案结合起来，最终得到了这个:

git log --decorate --simplify-by-decoration --oneline \ # selects only commits with a branch or tag
      | grep -v "(HEAD" \                               # removes current head (and branch)
      | head -n1 \                                      # selects only the closest decoration
      | sed 's/.* (\(.*\)) .*/\1/' \                    # filters out everything but decorations
      | sed 's/\(.*\), .*/\1/' \                        # picks only the first decoration
      | sed 's/origin\///'                              # strips "origin/" from the decoration

限制和注意事项

可以分离HEAD(许多CI工具这样做是为了确保它们在给定的分支中构建正确的提交)，但是起源分支和本地分支都必须与当前HEAD相同或“高于”当前HEAD。 不能有标签挡道(我想;我还没有测试在子分支和父分支之间使用标签提交的脚本) 脚本依赖于“HEAD”总是被log命令列为第一个装饰的事实 在master上运行脚本并开发结果(大部分)在<SHA>初始提交

结果

 A---B---D---E---F <-origin/master, master
      \      \
       \      \
        \      G---H---I <- origin/hotfix, hotfix
         \
          \
           J---K---L <-origin/develop, develop
                \
                 \
                  M---N---O <-origin/feature/a, feature/a
                       \   \
                        \   \
                         \   P---Q---R <-origin/feature/b, feature/b
                          \
                           \
                            S---T---U <-origin/feature/c, feature/c

尽管存在本地分支(例如，只有origin/topic存在，因为提交O是由它的SHA直接签出的)，脚本应该打印如下:

对于提交G, H, I(分支热修复)→master 对于提交M, N, O(分支特征/a)→开发 对于提交S, T, U(分支功能/c)→开发 对于提交P, Q, R(分支特征/b)→特征/a 对于提交J, K, L(分支开发)→<sha>初次提交* 对于提交B, D, E, F (master分支)→<sha>初次提交

* -或者master，如果develop的提交在master的HEAD的顶部(~ master将是快速前进的开发)

为什么show-branch对我没用

基于git show-branch的解决方案在以下情况下被证明是不可靠的:

分离头-包括分离头情况意味着替换grep '\*' \为' grep '!——而这只是所有麻烦的开始 在master和develop上运行脚本的结果分别为develop和' ' 主分支(hotfix/ Branches)上的分支最终以develop作为父分支，因为它们最近的主分支父分支被标记为!而不是*是有原因的。