大多数时候，你的子组件是无状态的，这意味着它们代表了它的父组件给它的数据/信息。

另一方面，状态处理的是处理组件本身，状态可以在组件内部通过setState和useState钩子改变。

例如

class Parent extends Component{
  constructor(props){
    super(props);
    this.state = {
      fruit: 'apple'
    }
    this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this)
  }

  handleChange(){
    this.setState({fruit: 'mango'})
  }
  render(){
    return (
      <div>
      <Child  fruit={this.state.fruit} />
      <button onClick={this.handleChange}>Change state</button>
      </div>
    )
  }
}

当点击按钮时，父类将其状态从apple更改为mango，并将其状态作为道具传递给子组件。现在，没有状态的子组件根据父组件的状态显示不同的标题。

class Child extends Component{

  render(){
    return(
      <h1>I have received a prop {this.props.fruit}</h1>
    )
  }
}

所以在根级别上，道具是父进程与子进程的通信，而状态是描述父进程的情况等。

简而言之。

道具值不能改变[不可变] 使用setState方法[mutable]可以改变状态值

我最喜欢的道具vs状态总结在这里:反应指南向这些家伙致敬。以下是该页面的编辑版本:

道具vs状态

如果一个组件需要在某个时间点改变它的一个属性，这个属性应该是它状态的一部分，否则它应该只是该组件的一个道具。

道具

道具(属性的简称)是组件的配置。它们是从上面接收的，对于接收它们的组件来说是不可变的。组件不能更改它的道具，但它负责将其子组件的道具组合在一起。道具不一定只是数据——回调函数可以作为道具传递进来。

状态

状态是一个数据结构，在组件挂载时以默认值开始。它可能会随着时间发生变化，主要是由于用户事件。

组件在内部管理自己的状态。除了设置一个初始状态外，它没有权利修改它的子进程的状态。您可以将状态概念化为该组件的私有状态。

改变道具和状态

                                                   props   state
    Can get initial value from parent Component?    Yes     Yes
    Can be changed by parent Component?             Yes     No
    Can set default values inside Component?*       Yes     Yes
    Can change inside Component?                    No      Yes
    Can set initial value for child Components?     Yes     Yes
    Can change in child Components?                 Yes     No

注意，从父组件接收到的props和state初始值都会覆盖组件内部定义的默认值。

这个组件应该有状态吗?

状态是可选的。由于状态增加了复杂性并降低了可预测性，因此最好使用没有状态的组件。即使在交互式应用程序中你显然不能没有状态，你也应该避免有太多的状态组件。

组件类型

无状态组件只有道具，没有状态。除了render()函数之外，没有什么事情要做。他们的逻辑围绕着他们得到的道具展开。这使得它们非常容易遵循和测试。

有状态组件包括道具和状态。当您的组件必须保持某种状态时使用这些。这是客户端-服务器通信(XHR、web套接字等)、处理数据和响应用户事件的好地方。这些类型的逻辑应该封装在适量的有状态组件中，而所有的可视化和格式化逻辑应该向下移动到许多无状态组件中。

来源

关于“props”和“state”的问题-谷歌组 React中的思考:确定你的状态应该在哪里

亲子交流，只需传递道具即可。

使用state在控制器视图中存储当前页面所需的数据。

使用道具将数据和事件处理程序传递给你的子组件。

这些列表应该有助于指导您在组件中处理数据。

道具

是不可变的 它可以让React进行快速参考检查 用于从视图控制器向下传递数据 顶级组件 有更好的表现 使用它将数据传递给子组件

状态

是否应该在视图控制器中进行管理 顶级组件 是可变的 表现更差 不应该从子组件访问 用道具把它传下去

For communication between two components that don't have a parent-child relationship, you can set up your own global event system. Subscribe to events in componentDidMount(), unsubscribe in componentWillUnmount(), and call setState() when you receive an event. Flux pattern is one of the possible ways to arrange this. - https://facebook.github.io/react/tips/communicate-between-components.html What Components Should Have State? Most of your components should simply take some data from props and render it. However, sometimes you need to respond to user input, a server request or the passage of time. For this you use state. Try to keep as many of your components as possible stateless. By doing this you'll isolate the state to its most logical place and minimize redundancy, making it easier to reason about your application. A common pattern is to create several stateless components that just render data, and have a stateful component above them in the hierarchy that passes its state to its children via props. The stateful component encapsulates all of the interaction logic, while the stateless components take care of rendering data in a declarative way. - https://facebook.github.io/react/docs/interactivity-and-dynamic-uis.html#what-components-should-have-state What Should Go in State? State should contain data that a component's event handlers may change to trigger a UI update. In real apps this data tends to be very small and JSON-serializable. When building a stateful component, think about the minimal possible representation of its state, and only store those properties in this.state. Inside of render() simply compute any other information you need based on this state. You'll find that thinking about and writing applications in this way tends to lead to the most correct application, since adding redundant or computed values to state means that you need to explicitly keep them in sync rather than rely on React computing them for you. - https://facebook.github.io/react/docs/interactivity-and-dynamic-uis.html#what-should-go-in-state

摘自:Andrea Chiarelli的书《开始React:用React简化前端开发工作流，增强应用程序的用户体验》:

Every React component has a props property. The purpose of this property is to collect data input passed to the component itself. JSX attribute is attached to a React element, a property with the same name is attached to the props object. So, we can access the passed data by using the attached property. In addition, the immutability of props allows us to think of components as pure functions, which are functions that have no side effects (since they don't change their input data). We can think of data passing from one component to another as a unidirectional data flow, from the parent component toward the child components. This gives us a more controllable system.

React provides a mechanism to support the automatic rendering of a component when data changes. Such a mechanism is based on the concept of state. React state is a property that represents data that changes over time. Every component supports the state property, but it should be used carefully. Components that store data that can change over time are said to be stateful components. A stateful component stores the state in the this.state property. To inform a component that the state has changed, you must use the setState() method. State initialization is the only case where you can assign a value to the this.state property without using setState().

setState()将新数据与已包含在状态中的旧数据合并，并覆盖先前的状态 setState()会触发render()方法的执行，所以永远不要显式地调用render()

你可以通过将它与Plain联系起来来更好地理解它 JS函数。

简单地说,

State是组件的本地状态，不能在组件外部访问和修改。它相当于函数中的局部变量。

普通JS函数

const DummyFunction = () => {
  let name = 'Manoj';
  console.log(`Hey ${name}`)
}

反应组件

class DummyComponent extends React.Component {
  state = {
    name: 'Manoj'
  }
  render() {
    return <div>Hello {this.state.name}</div>;
  }

另一方面，通过赋予组件以道具形式从父组件接收数据的能力，道具可以使组件可重用。它们等价于函数参数。

普通JS函数

const DummyFunction = (name) => {
  console.log(`Hey ${name}`)
}

// when using the function
DummyFunction('Manoj');
DummyFunction('Ajay');

反应组件

class DummyComponent extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return <div>Hello {this.props.name}</div>;
  }

}

// when using the component
<DummyComponent name="Manoj" />
<DummyComponent name="Ajay" />

工作人员:Manoj Singh Negi

文章链接:解释了反应状态与道具