通过字符串路径访问嵌套的JavaScript对象和数组

我有一个这样的数据结构:

var someObject = {
    'part1' : {
        'name': 'Part 1',
        'size': '20',
        'qty' : '50'
    },
    'part2' : {
        'name': 'Part 2',
        'size': '15',
        'qty' : '60'
    },
    'part3' : [
        {
            'name': 'Part 3A',
            'size': '10',
            'qty' : '20'
        }, {
            'name': 'Part 3B',
            'size': '5',
            'qty' : '20'
        }, {
            'name': 'Part 3C',
            'size': '7.5',
            'qty' : '20'
        }
    ]
};

我想使用这些变量访问数据:

var part1name = "part1.name";
var part2quantity = "part2.qty";
var part3name1 = "part3[0].name";

part1name应该用someObject.part1.name的值填充，即“Part 1”。part2quantity也是一样，它的容量是60。

有没有办法实现这与纯javascript或JQuery?

当前回答

ES6:只有一行在Vanila JS(它返回null如果没有找到，而不是给出错误):

'path.string'.split('.').reduce((p,c)=>p&&p[c]||null, MyOBJ)

或例子:

'a.b.c'.split('.').reduce((p,c)=>p&&p[c]||null, {a:{b:{c:1}}})

可选链接操作符:

'a.b.c'.split('.').reduce((p,c)=>p?.[c], {a:{b:{c:1}}})

对于一个也识别false, 0和负数并接受默认值作为参数的ready to use函数:

const resolvePath = (object, path, defaultValue) => path
   .split('.')
   .reduce((o, p) => o ? o[p] : defaultValue, object)

示例:

resolvePath(window,'document.body') => <body>
resolvePath(window,'document.body.xyz') => undefined
resolvePath(window,'document.body.xyz', null) => null
resolvePath(window,'document.body.xyz', 1) => 1

奖金:

要设置路径(由@rob-gordon请求)，您可以使用:

const setPath = (object, path, value) => path
   .split('.')
   .reduce((o,p,i) => o[p] = path.split('.').length === ++i ? value : o[p] || {}, object)

例子:

let myVar = {}
setPath(myVar, 'a.b.c', 42) => 42
console.log(myVar) => {a: {b: {c: 42}}}

使用[]访问数组:

const resolvePath = (object, path, defaultValue) => path
   .split(/[\.\[\]\'\"]/)
   .filter(p => p)
   .reduce((o, p) => o ? o[p] : defaultValue, object)

例子:

const myVar = {a:{b:[{c:1}]}}
resolvePath(myVar,'a.b[0].c') => 1
resolvePath(myVar,'a["b"][\'0\'].c') => 1

2017-05-08 13:38:34

其他回答

你必须自己解析字符串:

function getProperty(obj, prop) {
    var parts = prop.split('.');

    if (Array.isArray(parts)) {
        var last = parts.pop(),
        l = parts.length,
        i = 1,
        current = parts[0];

        while((obj = obj[current]) && i < l) {
            current = parts[i];
            i++;
        }

        if(obj) {
            return obj[last];
        }
    } else {
        throw 'parts is not valid array';
    }
}

这要求你也用点表示法定义数组下标:

var part3name1 = "part3.0.name";

它使解析更容易。

DEMO

2011-06-27 10:38:59

如果你需要访问不同的嵌套键，而不知道它在编码时(这将是微不足道的)，你可以使用数组符号访问器:

var part1name = someObject['part1']['name'];
var part2quantity = someObject['part2']['qty'];
var part3name1 =  someObject['part3'][0]['name'];

它们等价于点符号访问器，并且可能在运行时发生变化，例如:

var part = 'part1';
var property = 'name';

var part1name = someObject[part][property];

等于

var part1name = someObject['part1']['name'];

var part1name = someObject.part1.name;

我希望这能解决你的问题…

EDIT

我不会使用字符串来维护某种xpath查询来访问对象值。因为你必须调用一个函数来解析查询和检索值，我会遵循另一条路径(不是:

var part1name = function(){ return this.part1.name; }
var part2quantity = function() { return this['part2']['qty']; }
var part3name1 =  function() { return this.part3[0]['name'];}

// usage: part1name.apply(someObject);

或者，如果你不习惯apply方法

var part1name = function(obj){ return obj.part1.name; }
var part2quantity = function(obj) { return obj['part2']['qty']; }
var part3name1 =  function(obj) { return obj.part3[0]['name'];}

// usage: part1name(someObject);

函数更短，更清晰，解释器会为你检查语法错误等等。

顺便说一下，我觉得在适当的时候做一个简单的任务就足够了……

2011-06-27 10:36:48

根据Alnitak的回答:

if(!Object.prototype.byString){
  //NEW byString which can update values
Object.prototype.byString = function(s, v, o) {
  var _o = o || this;
      s = s.replace(/\[(\w+)\]/g, '.$1'); // CONVERT INDEXES TO PROPERTIES
      s = s.replace(/^\./, ''); // STRIP A LEADING DOT
      var a = s.split('.'); //ARRAY OF STRINGS SPLIT BY '.'
      for (var i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) {//LOOP OVER ARRAY OF STRINGS
          var k = a[i];
          if (k in _o) {//LOOP THROUGH OBJECT KEYS
              if(_o.hasOwnProperty(k)){//USE ONLY KEYS WE CREATED
                if(v !== undefined){//IF WE HAVE A NEW VALUE PARAM
                  if(i === a.length -1){//IF IT'S THE LAST IN THE ARRAY
                    _o[k] = v;
                  }
                }
                _o = _o[k];//NO NEW VALUE SO JUST RETURN THE CURRENT VALUE
              }
          } else {
              return;
          }
      }
      return _o;
  };

}

这也允许你设置一个值!

我已经用这个创建了一个npm包和github

2017-08-02 19:16:40

这里的解决方案仅用于访问深度嵌套的键。我需要一个来访问、添加、修改和删除密钥。这是我想到的:

var deepAccessObject = function(object, path_to_key, type_of_function, value){
    switch(type_of_function){
        //Add key/modify key
        case 0: 
            if(path_to_key.length === 1){
                if(value)
                    object[path_to_key[0]] = value;
                return object[path_to_key[0]];
            }else{
                if(object[path_to_key[0]])
                    return deepAccessObject(object[path_to_key[0]], path_to_key.slice(1), type_of_function, value);
                else
                    object[path_to_key[0]] = {};
            }
            break;
        //delete key
        case 1:
            if(path_to_key.length === 1){
                delete object[path_to_key[0]];
                return true;
            }else{
                if(object[path_to_key[0]])
                    return deepAccessObject(object[path_to_key[0]], path_to_key.slice(1), type_of_function, value);
                else
                    return false;
            }
            break;
        default:
            console.log("Wrong type of function");
    }
};

Path_to_key:数组中的路径。你可以用你的string_path.split(".")替换它。 Type_of_function: 0用于访问(不传递任何值给值)，0用于添加和修改。1表示删除。

2016-06-23 09:45:46

React示例-使用lodash

从性能角度来看，这可能不是最有效的方法，但如果你的应用是一个庞然大物，它肯定会为你节省一些时间。特别是当您将状态数据格式与API后端紧密耦合时。

   import set from "lodash/set";  // More efficient import

    class UserProfile extends Component {

      constructor(props){
        super(props);

        this.state = {
          user: {
            account: {
              id: "",
              email: "",
              first_name: ""
            }
          }
        }
      }

       /**
       * Updates the state based on the form input
       * 
       * @param {FormUpdate} event 
       */
      userAccountFormHook(event) {
        // https://lodash.com/docs#get
        // https://lodash.com/docs#set
        const { name, value } = event.target;
        let current_state = this.state
        set(current_state, name, value)  // Magic happens here
        this.setState(current_state);
      }

    render() {
        return (
          <CustomFormInput
            label: "First Name"
            type: "text"
            placeholder: "First Name"
            name: "user.account.first_name"
            onChange: {this.userAccountFormHook}
            value: {this.state.user.account.first_name}

          />
      )
  }
}

2019-10-20 22:41:47

通过字符串路径访问嵌套的JavaScript对象和数组

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