有几种方法可以在视图控制器之间传递数据。

代表协议（向后）。NSNotification中心（双向）。UserDefault（双向）。直接属性（正向）。关闭（向后）。Segue（前进方向）。

我建议使用块/闭包和自定义构造函数。

假设您必须将字符串从FirstViewController传递到SecondViewController。

您的第一个视图控制器。

class FirstViewController : UIViewController {

    func moveToViewControllerB() {

        let second_screen = SecondViewController.screen(string: "DATA TO PASS", call_back: {
            [weak self] (updated_data) in
            ///This closure will be called by second view controller when it updates something
        })
        self.navigationController?.pushViewController(second_screen, animated: true)
    }


}

第二个视图控制器

class SecondViewController : UIViewController {

    var incoming_string : String?
    var call_back : ((String) -> Void)?

    class func screen(string: String?, call_back : ((String) -> Void)?) -> SecondViewController {

        let me = SecondViewController(nibName: String(describing: self), bundle: Bundle.main);
        me.incoming_string = string
        me.call_back = call_back
        return me
    }

    // Suppose its called when you have to update FirstViewController with new data.
    func updatedSomething() {

        //Executing block that is implemented/assigned by the FirstViewController.
        self.call_back?("UPDATED DATA")
    }

}

在为iOS创建应用程序时，您必须始终遵循MVC概念。

有两种情况下，您可能希望将数据从ViewController传递到另一个：

当层次结构中有一个“A”ViewContoller，并且您希望将一些数据发送到“B”，这是下一个视图控制器。在这种情况下，您必须使用Segue。只需为segue设置一个标识符，然后在“A”VC中编写以下代码：override func prepare（segue:UIStoryboardSegue，sender:Any？）{如果segue.identifier==“A到B segue-identifier”{让bViewController=segue.destination为！UIDocumentBrowserViewControllerbViewController.data=某些数据}}当有一个A将B作为模态（或嵌入）打开时。现在，B视图控制器应该对其父对象视而不见。因此，将数据发送回A的最佳方法是使用委派。在B视图控制器和委托属性中创建委托协议。因此，B将向其代表报告（发送数据）。在A视图控制器中，我们实现了B视图控制器的委托协议，并将在prepare（forSegue:）方法中将self设置为B视图控制器中的委托属性。

这就是它应该正确实现的方式。

使用通知中心

对于Swift 3

let imageDataDict:[String: UIImage] = ["image": image]

// Post a notification
NotificationCenter.default.post(name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "notificationName"), object: nil, userInfo: imageDataDict)
// `default` is now a property, not a method call

// Register to receive notification in your class
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(self.showSpinningWheel(_:)), name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "notificationName"), object: nil)

// Handle notification
func showSpinningWheel(_ notification: NSNotification) {
    print(notification.userInfo ?? "")
    if let dict = notification.userInfo as NSDictionary? {
        if let id = dict["image"] as? UIImage {
            // Do something with your image
        }
    }
}

对于Swift 4

let imageDataDict:[String: UIImage] = ["image": image]

// Post a notification
NotificationCenter.default.post(name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "notificationName"), object: nil, userInfo: imageDataDict)
// `default` is now a property, not a method call

// Register to receive notification in your class
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(self.showSpinningWheel(_:)), name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "notificationName"), object: nil)

// Handle notification
@objc func showSpinningWheel(_ notification: NSNotification) {
    print(notification.userInfo ?? "")
    if let dict = notification.userInfo as NSDictionary? {
        if let id = dict["image"] as? UIImage {
            // Do something with your image
        }
    }
}

在Swift中传递数据有很多解决方案。

向前传递数据

我最喜欢的两种转发数据的方式是依赖注入（DI）和属性观察者

依赖注入

class CustomView : UIView {
    init(_ with model : Model) {
        // Do what you want with data
    }
}

财产观察员

class CustomView : UIView {
    var model : Model? {
        didSet {
            // Do what you want with data after assign data to model
        }
        willSet {
            // Do what you want with data before assign data to model
        }
    }
}

向后传递数据

还喜欢将数据传递到上一个VC/视图的方法：

协议和代表

protocol CustomViewDelegate : class {
    func addItemViewController(_ with data: Model?)
}

weak var delegate : CustomViewDelegate?

class AnotherCustomView: UIView {

     let customView = AnotherCustomView()

     init() {
         customView.delegate = self
     }
}

extention AnotherCustomView : CustomViewDelegate {
    func addItemViewController(_ with data: Model?) {
        // Do what you want with data
    }
}

关闭

class AnotherCustomView : UIView {
     init(addItem: @escaping (_ value : Model?) -> ()) {
        // Do what you want with data
     }
}

class CustomView : UIView {

    init() {
        let customView = AnotherCustomView { [weak self] model in
            // Do what you want with data
        }
    }
}

要将数据从一个视图控制器（VC）发送到另一个，请使用以下简单方法：

YourNextVC *nxtScr = (YourNextVC*)[self.storyboard  instantiateViewControllerWithIdentifier:@"YourNextVC"];//Set this identifier from your storyboard

nxtScr.comingFrom = @"PreviousScreen"l
[self.navigationController nxtScr animated:YES];