试试这个。

git clone -b <branch_name> --recursive <remote> <directory>

如果在分支中添加了子模块，请确保将其添加到clone命令中。

子模块并行获取旨在通过同时获取多个存储库来减少获取存储库及其所有相关子模块所需的时间。这可以通过使用新的--jobs选项来完成，例如：

git fetch --recurse-submodules --jobs=4

根据Git团队的说法，这可以大大加快包含许多子模块的存储库的更新速度。当在没有新的--jobs选项的情况下使用--recurse子模块时，Git将逐个获取子模块。

资料来源：http://www.infoq.com/news/2016/03/git28-released

克隆存储库时，可以使用--recursive标志。此参数强制git克隆存储库中所有已定义的子模块。

git clone --recursive git@repo.org:your_repo.git

克隆后，有时子模块分支可能会发生更改，因此在其之后运行以下命令：

git submodule foreach "git checkout master"

如果是一个新项目，你可以这样做：

$ git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/chaconinc/YourProjectName 

如果已安装，则：

$ cd YourProjectName (for the cases you are not at right directory) 
$ git submodule init
$ git submodule update

我建议：

# - git submodule init initializes your local configuration file to track the submodules your repository uses, it just sets up the configuration so that you can use the git submodule update command to clone and update the submodules.
git submodule init
# - git submodule update --init initializes your local configuration file and clones the submodules for you, using the commit specified in the main repository.
#   note, command bellow will not pull the right branch -- even if it's in your .gitmodules file, for that you need remote. Likely because it looks at the origin (pointer to remote) in github for the available branches.
#   note, bellow pulls the submodules if you didn't specify them when cloning parent project, ref: https://youtu.be/wTGIDDg0tK8?t=119
git submodule update --init

如果您有子模块的特定分支，请将其更改为：

# - git submodule init initializes your local configuration file to track the submodules your repository uses, it just sets up the configuration so that you can use the git submodule update command to clone and update the submodules.
git submodule init

# - The --remote option tells Git to update the submodule to the commit specified in the upstream repository, rather than the commit specified in the main repository.
#git submodule update --init --remote
git submodule update --init --recursive --remote meta-dataset

对于测试的完整示例：

# decided against this because it seems complicated

# - note to clone uutils with its submodule do (cmd not tested):
cd $HOME
git clone --recurse-submodules git@github.com:brando90/ultimate-utils.git

# - git submodules
cd $HOME/diversity-for-predictive-success-of-meta-learning

# - in case it's needed if the submodules bellow have branches your local project doesn't know about from the submodules upstream
git fetch

# -- first repo
# - adds the repo to the .gitmodule & clones the repo
git submodule add -f -b hdb --name meta-dataset git@github.com:brando90/meta-dataset.git meta-dataset/

# - ref for init then update: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3796927/how-do-i-git-clone-a-repo-including-its-submodules/3796947#3796947
#git submodule init
#git submodule update

# - git submodule init initializes your local configuration file to track the submodules your repository uses, it just sets up the configuration so that you can use the git submodule update command to clone and update the submodules.
git submodule init
# - git submodule update --init initializes your local configuration file and clones the submodules for you, using the commit specified in the main repository.
#   note, command bellow will not pull the right branch -- even if it's in your .gitmodules file, for that you need remote. Likely because it looks at the origin (pointer to remote) in github for the available branches.
#   note, bellow pulls the submodules if you didn't specify them when cloning parent project, ref: https://youtu.be/wTGIDDg0tK8?t=119
git submodule update --init
# - The --remote option tells Git to update the submodule to the commit specified in the upstream repository, rather than the commit specified in the main repository.
#git submodule update --init --remote
git submodule update --init --recursive --remote meta-dataset

# - check we are using the right branch https://stackoverflow.com/questions/74998463/why-does-git-submodule-status-not-match-the-output-of-git-branch-of-my-submodule
git submodule status
cd meta-dataset
git branch  # should show hdb
cd ..

# pip install -r $HOME/meta-dataset/requirements.txt

# -- 2nd repo, simplified commands from above
git submodule add -f -b hdb --name pytorch-meta-dataset git@github.com:brando90/pytorch-meta-dataset.git pytorch-meta-dataset/

git submodule init
git submodule update --init --recursive --remote meta-dataset

# - check it's in specified branch
git submodule status
cd pytorch-meta-dataset
git branch  # should show hdb
cd ..

# pip install -r $HOME/pytorch-meta-dataset/requirements.txt

我认为你可以采取三个步骤：

git clone
git submodule init
git submodule update