在Linux下，如何发现哪个进程使用交换空间更多?
当前回答
与@lolotux相同的答案，但有排序输出:
printf 'Computing swap usage...\n';
swap_usages="$(
SUM=0
OVERALL=0
for DIR in `find /proc/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -regex "^/proc/[0-9]+"`
do
PID="$(printf '%s' "$DIR" | cut -d / -f 3)"
PROGNAME=`ps -p $PID -o comm --no-headers`
for SWAP in `grep VmSwap $DIR/status 2>/dev/null | awk '{ print $2 }'`
do
let SUM=$SUM+$SWAP
done
if (( $SUM > 0 )); then
printf "$SUM KB ($PROGNAME) swapped PID=$PID\\n"
fi
let OVERALL=$OVERALL+$SUM
SUM=0
break
done
printf '9999999999 Overall swap used: %s KB\n' "$OVERALL"
)"
printf '%s' "$swap_usages" | sort -nk1
示例输出:
Computing swap usage...
2064 KB (systemd) swapped PID=1
59620 KB (xfdesktop) swapped PID=21405
64484 KB (nemo) swapped PID=763627
66740 KB (teamviewerd) swapped PID=1618
68244 KB (flameshot) swapped PID=84209
763136 KB (plugin_host) swapped PID=1881345
1412480 KB (java) swapped PID=43402
3864548 KB (sublime_text) swapped PID=1881327
9999999999 Overall swap used: 2064 KB
其他回答
在MacOSX上，你也可以运行top命令，但需要输入“o”，然后输入“vsize”，然后输入ENTER。
还有两种变体:
因为top或htop不能安装在小型系统上，所以浏览/proc总是可能的。
即使在小型系统上，你也会发现一个壳…
一个shell变体!(不仅仅是bash)
这与loolotux脚本完全相同，但没有任何到grep, awk或ps的分支。这要快得多!
由于bash是性能最差的shell之一，我们做了一些工作，以确保该脚本在dash、busybox和其他一些环境下能够正常运行。然后，(感谢Stéphane Chazelas)再次变得更快!
#!/bin/sh
# Get current swap usage for all running processes
# Felix Hauri 2016-08-05
# Rewritted without fork. Inspired by first stuff from
# Erik Ljungstrom 27/05/2011
# Modified by Mikko Rantalainen 2012-08-09
# Pipe the output to "sort -nk3" to get sorted output
# Modified by Marc Methot 2014-09-18
# removed the need for sudo
OVERALL=0
for FILE in /proc/[0-9]*/status ;do
SUM=0
while read FIELD VALUE;do
case $FIELD in
Pid ) PID=$VALUE ;;
Name ) PROGNAME="$VALUE" ;;
VmSwap ) SUM=${VALUE%% *} ; break ;;
esac
done <$FILE
[ $SUM -gt 0 ] &&
printf "PID: %9d swapped: %11d KB (%s)\n" $PID $SUM "$PROGNAME"
OVERALL=$((OVERALL+SUM))
done
printf "Total swapped memory: %14u KB\n" $OVERALL
别忘了双引号“$PROGNAME”!请看Stéphane Chazelas的评论:
read FIELD PROGNAME < <(
perl -ne 'BEGIN{$0="/*/*/../../*/*"} print if /^Name/' /proc/self/status
)
echo $FIELD "$PROGNAME"
不要尝试在合理的系统上不带双引号的回显$PROGNAME，并在此之前准备好杀死当前shell !
还有一个perl版本
当这变成一个不那么简单的脚本，时间来编写一个专用的工具，使用更有效的语言。
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use Getopt::Std;
my ($tot,$mtot)=(0,0);
my %procs;
my %opts;
getopt('', \%opts);
sub sortres {
return $a <=> $b if $opts{'p'};
return $procs{$a}->{'cmd'} cmp $procs{$b}->{'cmd'} if $opts{'c'};
return $procs{$a}->{'mswap'} <=> $procs{$b}->{'mswap'} if $opts{'m'};
return $procs{$a}->{'swap'} <=> $procs{$b}->{'swap'};
};
opendir my $dh,"/proc";
for my $pid (grep {/^\d+$/} readdir $dh) {
if (open my $fh,"</proc/$pid/status") {
my ($sum,$nam)=(0,"");
while (<$fh>) {
$sum+=$1 if /^VmSwap:\s+(\d+)\s/;
$nam=$1 if /^Name:\s+(\S+)/;
}
if ($sum) {
$tot+=$sum;
$procs{$pid}->{'swap'}=$sum;
$procs{$pid}->{'cmd'}=$nam;
close $fh;
if (open my $fh,"</proc/$pid/smaps") {
$sum=0;
while (<$fh>) {
$sum+=$1 if /^Swap:\s+(\d+)\s/;
};
};
$mtot+=$sum;
$procs{$pid}->{'mswap'}=$sum;
} else { close $fh; };
};
};
map {
printf "PID: %9d swapped: %11d (%11d) KB (%s)\n",
$_, $procs{$_}->{'swap'}, $procs{$_}->{'mswap'}, $procs{$_}->{'cmd'};
} sort sortres keys %procs;
printf "Total swapped memory: %14u (%11u) KB\n", $tot,$mtot;
能不能带着一个跑
-c sort by command name
-p sort by pid
-m sort by swap values
by default, output is sorted by status's vmsize
这是脚本的另一个变体，但意味着提供更可读的输出(你需要以根用户身份运行这个脚本才能得到准确的结果):
#!/bin/bash
# find-out-what-is-using-your-swap.sh
# -- Get current swap usage for all running processes
# --
# -- rev.0.3, 2012-09-03, Jan Smid - alignment and intendation, sorting
# -- rev.0.2, 2012-08-09, Mikko Rantalainen - pipe the output to "sort -nk3" to get sorted output
# -- rev.0.1, 2011-05-27, Erik Ljungstrom - initial version
SCRIPT_NAME=`basename $0`;
SORT="kb"; # {pid|kB|name} as first parameter, [default: kb]
[ "$1" != "" ] && { SORT="$1"; }
[ ! -x `which mktemp` ] && { echo "ERROR: mktemp is not available!"; exit; }
MKTEMP=`which mktemp`;
TMP=`${MKTEMP} -d`;
[ ! -d "${TMP}" ] && { echo "ERROR: unable to create temp dir!"; exit; }
>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid;
>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb;
>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name;
SUM=0;
OVERALL=0;
echo "${OVERALL}" > ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.overal;
for DIR in `find /proc/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -regex "^/proc/[0-9]+"`;
do
PID=`echo $DIR | cut -d / -f 3`
PROGNAME=`ps -p $PID -o comm --no-headers`
for SWAP in `grep Swap $DIR/smaps 2>/dev/null| awk '{ print $2 }'`
do
let SUM=$SUM+$SWAP
done
if (( $SUM > 0 ));
then
echo -n ".";
echo -e "${PID}\t${SUM}\t${PROGNAME}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid;
echo -e "${SUM}\t${PID}\t${PROGNAME}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb;
echo -e "${PROGNAME}\t${SUM}\t${PID}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name;
fi
let OVERALL=$OVERALL+$SUM
SUM=0
done
echo "${OVERALL}" > ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.overal;
echo;
echo "Overall swap used: ${OVERALL} kB";
echo "========================================";
case "${SORT}" in
name )
echo -e "name\tkB\tpid";
echo "========================================";
cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name|sort -r;
;;
kb )
echo -e "kB\tpid\tname";
echo "========================================";
cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb|sort -rh;
;;
pid | * )
echo -e "pid\tkB\tname";
echo "========================================";
cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid|sort -rh;
;;
esac
rm -fR "${TMP}/";
自2015年内核补丁添加SwapPss (https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/patch/570506/)以来，人们终于可以得到成比例的交换计数，这意味着如果一个进程交换了很多，然后它分叉，两个分叉的进程将分别报告交换50%。如果其中一个发生分叉，每个进程被计算为交换页面的33%，所以如果你把所有的交换使用量计算在一起，你得到的是真实的交换使用量，而不是数值乘以进程数。
简而言之:
(cd /proc; for pid in [0-9]*; do printf "%5s %6s %s\n" "$pid" "$(awk 'BEGIN{sum=0} /SwapPss:/{sum+=$2} END{print sum}' $pid/smaps)" "$(cat $pid/comm)"; done | sort -k2n,2 -k1n,1)
第一列是pid，第二列是KiB中的交换使用情况，其余一行是正在执行的命令。相同的交换计数按pid排序。
上面可能会发出这样的行
awk: cmd. line:1: fatal: cannot open file `15407/smaps' for reading (No such file or directory)
这仅仅意味着pid为15407的进程在/proc/的列表中看到它和读取进程smaps文件之间结束。如果这对您来说很重要，只需在末尾添加2>/dev/null即可。请注意，您可能还会丢失任何其他可能的诊断。
在现实世界的示例案例中，这改变了其他报告在一台服务器上运行的每个apache子服务器使用约40 MB交换空间的工具，而每个子服务器实际使用7-3630 KB交换空间。
与@lolotux相同的答案，但有排序输出:
printf 'Computing swap usage...\n';
swap_usages="$(
SUM=0
OVERALL=0
for DIR in `find /proc/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -regex "^/proc/[0-9]+"`
do
PID="$(printf '%s' "$DIR" | cut -d / -f 3)"
PROGNAME=`ps -p $PID -o comm --no-headers`
for SWAP in `grep VmSwap $DIR/status 2>/dev/null | awk '{ print $2 }'`
do
let SUM=$SUM+$SWAP
done
if (( $SUM > 0 )); then
printf "$SUM KB ($PROGNAME) swapped PID=$PID\\n"
fi
let OVERALL=$OVERALL+$SUM
SUM=0
break
done
printf '9999999999 Overall swap used: %s KB\n' "$OVERALL"
)"
printf '%s' "$swap_usages" | sort -nk1
示例输出:
Computing swap usage...
2064 KB (systemd) swapped PID=1
59620 KB (xfdesktop) swapped PID=21405
64484 KB (nemo) swapped PID=763627
66740 KB (teamviewerd) swapped PID=1618
68244 KB (flameshot) swapped PID=84209
763136 KB (plugin_host) swapped PID=1881345
1412480 KB (java) swapped PID=43402
3864548 KB (sublime_text) swapped PID=1881327
9999999999 Overall swap used: 2064 KB
