您可以使用sys.path.append()方法将包含包的目录添加到搜索模块的路径列表中。例如，如果包位于当前目录以上两个目录，您可以使用以下代码:

import sys
sys.path.append("../../")

如果包位于当前目录上方的一个目录，你可以使用下面的代码:

import sys
sys.path.append("..")

import sys
sys.path.append("..") # Adds higher directory to python modules path.

从…import subpkg2

根据Python文档:当在包层次结构中，使用两个点，就像import语句doc说的那样:

When specifying what module to import you do not have to specify the absolute name of the module. When a module or package is contained within another package it is possible to make a relative import within the same top package without having to mention the package name. By using leading dots in the specified module or package after from you can specify how high to traverse up the current package hierarchy without specifying exact names. One leading dot means the current package where the module making the import exists. Two dots means up one package level. Three dots is up two levels, etc. So if you execute from . import mod from a module in the pkg package then you will end up importing pkg.mod. If you execute from ..subpkg2 import mod from within pkg.subpkg1 you will import pkg.subpkg2.mod. The specification for relative imports is contained within PEP 328.

PEP 328涉及绝对/相对进口。

从一个恰好比当前目录高一级的目录导入模块:

from .. import module

运行python /myprogram/submodule/mymodule.py，导入/myprogram/mainmodule.py，例如via

from mainmodule import *

在Linux上(例如，在python Docker映像中)，我必须将程序根目录添加到PYTHONPATH:

export PYTHONPATH=/myprogram

@gimel's answer is correct if you can guarantee the package hierarchy he mentions. If you can't -- if your real need is as you expressed it, exclusively tied to directories and without any necessary relationship to packaging -- then you need to work on __file__ to find out the parent directory (a couple of os.path.dirname calls will do;-), then (if that directory is not already on sys.path) prepend temporarily insert said dir at the very start of sys.path, __import__, remove said dir again -- messy work indeed, but, "when you must, you must" (and Pyhon strives to never stop the programmer from doing what must be done -- just like the ISO C standard says in the "Spirit of C" section in its preface!-).

下面是一个可能对你有用的例子:

import sys
import os.path
sys.path.append(
    os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), os.path.pardir)))

import module_in_parent_dir