方法1:将依赖的JAR文件复制到target/lib中，然后将它们添加到MANIFEST中的JAR类路径中:

        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
                <excludeTransitive>false</excludeTransitive> 
                <stripVersion>false</stripVersion>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>copy-dependencies</id>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <!-- Add LIB folder to classPath -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.4</version>
            <configuration>
                <archive>
                    <manifest>
                        <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                        <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                    </manifest>
                </archive>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>

方法2:解包所有依赖项，并将它们的类和资源重新打包到一个平面JAR中。注意:重叠的资源会随机丢失!

<plugin>
    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals><goal>single</goal></goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
    <configuration>
        <descriptorRefs>
            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
        </descriptorRefs>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

把Maven放在一边，您可以把JAR库放在Main JAR中，但是您需要使用自己的类加载器。

检查这个项目:One-JAR链接文本

http://fiji.sc/Uber-JAR提供了一个很好的解释:

There are three common methods for constructing an uber-JAR: Unshaded. Unpack all JAR files, then repack them into a single JAR. Pro: Works with Java's default class loader. Con: Files present in multiple JAR files with the same path (e.g., META-INF/services/javax.script.ScriptEngineFactory) will overwrite one another, resulting in faulty behavior. Tools: Maven Assembly Plugin, Classworlds Uberjar Shaded. Same as unshaded, but rename (i.e., "shade") all packages of all dependencies. Pro: Works with Java's default class loader. Avoids some (not all) dependency version clashes. Con: Files present in multiple JAR files with the same path (e.g., META-INF/services/javax.script.ScriptEngineFactory) will overwrite one another, resulting in faulty behavior. Tools: Maven Shade Plugin JAR of JARs. The final JAR file contains the other JAR files embedded within. Pro: Avoids dependency version clashes. All resource files are preserved. Con: Needs to bundle a special "bootstrap" classloader to enable Java to load classes from the wrapped JAR files. Debugging class loader issues becomes more complex. Tools: Eclipse JAR File Exporter, One-JAR.

我发现这是最明确的答案;这里的其他答案是缺少一些对我来说不明显的东西，例如MVN清洁包命令，以及单独添加插件作为依赖项。所有这些对于更习惯的专业用户来说可能是显而易见的。

https://howtodoinjava.com/maven/executable-jar-with-dependencies/

在Maven2中，正确的方法是使用Maven2 Assembly Plugin，它有一个预定义的描述符文件，你可以在命令行中使用:

mvn assembly:assembly -DdescriptorId=jar-with-dependencies

如果你想让这个jar文件可执行，只需要在插件配置中添加要运行的主类:

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
  <configuration>
    <archive>
      <manifest>
        <mainClass>my.package.to.my.MainClass</mainClass>
      </manifest>
    </archive>
  </configuration>
</plugin>

如果你想要创建程序集作为正常构建过程的一部分，你应该将单个或单目录目标(程序集目标应该只从命令行运行)绑定到生命周期阶段(包是有意义的)，就像这样:

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
  <executions>
    <execution>
      <id>create-my-bundle</id>
      <phase>package</phase>
      <goals>
        <goal>single</goal>
      </goals>
      <configuration>
        <descriptorRefs>
          <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
        </descriptorRefs>
        ...
      </configuration>
    </execution>
  </executions>
</plugin>

调整配置元素以满足您的需求(例如使用清单内容)。

您可以使用<classifier>标记来使用新创建的jar。

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>your.group.id</groupId>
        <artifactId>your.artifact.id</artifactId>
        <version>1.0</version>
        <type>jar</type>
        <classifier>jar-with-dependencies</classifier>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>