TLDR:复制-粘贴下面的选项1或选项2

真正的/完整的答案:让Pythons json模块与你的类一起工作

AKA，求解:json。dump ({"thing": YOUR_CLASS()})

解释:

Yes, a good reliable solution exists No, there is no python "official" solution By official solution, I mean there is no way (as of 2023) to add a method to your class (like toJSON in JavaScript) and/or no way to register your class with the built-in json module. When something like json.dumps([1,2, your_obj]) is executed, python doesn't check a lookup table or object method. I'm not sure why other answers don't explain this The closest official approach is probably andyhasit's answer which is to inherit from a dictionary. However, inheriting from a dictionary doesn't work very well for many custom classes like AdvancedDateTime, or pytorch tensors. The ideal workaround is this: Mutate json.dumps (affects everywhere, even pip modules that import json) Add def __json__(self) method to your class

选项1:让一个模块来做补丁

PIP安装json-fix (扩展+包装版FancyJohn的回答，谢谢@FancyJohn)

your_class_definition.py

import json_fix

class YOUR_CLASS:
    def __json__(self):
        # YOUR CUSTOM CODE HERE
        #    you probably just want to do:
        #        return self.__dict__
        return "a built-in object that is naturally json-able"

这是它。

使用示例:

from your_class_definition import YOUR_CLASS
import json

json.dumps([1,2, YOUR_CLASS()], indent=0)
# '[\n1,\n2,\n"a built-in object that is naturally json-able"\n]'

生成json。dump适用于Numpy数组，Pandas DataFrames和其他第三方对象，请参阅模块(只有大约2行代码，但需要解释)。

它是如何工作的?嗯…

选项2:补丁json。把你自己

注意:这种方法是简化的，它在已知的edgcase上失败(例如:如果你的自定义类继承了dict或其他内置类)，并且它错过了控制外部类的json行为(numpy数组，datetime, dataframes，张量等)。

some_file_thats_imported_before_your_class_definitions.py

# Step: 1
# create the patch
from json import JSONEncoder
def wrapped_default(self, obj):
    return getattr(obj.__class__, "__json__", wrapped_default.default)(obj)
wrapped_default.default = JSONEncoder().default
   
# apply the patch
JSONEncoder.original_default = JSONEncoder.default
JSONEncoder.default = wrapped_default

your_class_definition.py

# Step 2
class YOUR_CLASS:
    def __json__(self, **options):
        # YOUR CUSTOM CODE HERE
        #    you probably just want to do:
        #        return self.__dict__
        return "a built-in object that is natually json-able"

_

其他答案似乎都是“序列化自定义对象的最佳实践/方法”

在这里的文档中已经介绍过了(搜索“complex”可以找到编码复数的例子)

Jsonweb似乎是我的最佳解决方案。参见http://www.jsonweb.info/en/latest/

from jsonweb.encode import to_object, dumper

@to_object()
class DataModel(object):
  def __init__(self, id, value):
   self.id = id
   self.value = value

>>> data = DataModel(5, "foo")
>>> dumper(data)
'{"__type__": "DataModel", "id": 5, "value": "foo"}'

TLDR:复制-粘贴下面的选项1或选项2

真正的/完整的答案:让Pythons json模块与你的类一起工作

AKA，求解:json。dump ({"thing": YOUR_CLASS()})

解释:

Yes, a good reliable solution exists No, there is no python "official" solution By official solution, I mean there is no way (as of 2023) to add a method to your class (like toJSON in JavaScript) and/or no way to register your class with the built-in json module. When something like json.dumps([1,2, your_obj]) is executed, python doesn't check a lookup table or object method. I'm not sure why other answers don't explain this The closest official approach is probably andyhasit's answer which is to inherit from a dictionary. However, inheriting from a dictionary doesn't work very well for many custom classes like AdvancedDateTime, or pytorch tensors. The ideal workaround is this: Mutate json.dumps (affects everywhere, even pip modules that import json) Add def __json__(self) method to your class

选项1:让一个模块来做补丁

PIP安装json-fix (扩展+包装版FancyJohn的回答，谢谢@FancyJohn)

your_class_definition.py

import json_fix

class YOUR_CLASS:
    def __json__(self):
        # YOUR CUSTOM CODE HERE
        #    you probably just want to do:
        #        return self.__dict__
        return "a built-in object that is naturally json-able"

这是它。

使用示例:

from your_class_definition import YOUR_CLASS
import json

json.dumps([1,2, YOUR_CLASS()], indent=0)
# '[\n1,\n2,\n"a built-in object that is naturally json-able"\n]'

生成json。dump适用于Numpy数组，Pandas DataFrames和其他第三方对象，请参阅模块(只有大约2行代码，但需要解释)。

它是如何工作的?嗯…

选项2:补丁json。把你自己

注意:这种方法是简化的，它在已知的edgcase上失败(例如:如果你的自定义类继承了dict或其他内置类)，并且它错过了控制外部类的json行为(numpy数组，datetime, dataframes，张量等)。

some_file_thats_imported_before_your_class_definitions.py

# Step: 1
# create the patch
from json import JSONEncoder
def wrapped_default(self, obj):
    return getattr(obj.__class__, "__json__", wrapped_default.default)(obj)
wrapped_default.default = JSONEncoder().default
   
# apply the patch
JSONEncoder.original_default = JSONEncoder.default
JSONEncoder.default = wrapped_default

your_class_definition.py

# Step 2
class YOUR_CLASS:
    def __json__(self, **options):
        # YOUR CUSTOM CODE HERE
        #    you probably just want to do:
        #        return self.__dict__
        return "a built-in object that is natually json-able"

_

其他答案似乎都是“序列化自定义对象的最佳实践/方法”

在这里的文档中已经介绍过了(搜索“complex”可以找到编码复数的例子)

大多数答案都涉及更改对json.dumps()的调用，这并不总是可能的或可取的(例如，它可能发生在框架组件内部)。

如果你希望能够按原样调用json.dumps(obj)，那么一个简单的解决方案是从dict继承:

class FileItem(dict):
    def __init__(self, fname):
        dict.__init__(self, fname=fname)

f = FileItem('tasks.txt')
json.dumps(f)  #No need to change anything here

如果你的类只是基本的数据表示，这是可行的，对于更棘手的事情，你总是可以显式地设置键。

基于Quinten Cabo的回答:

def sterilize(obj):
    """Make an object more ameniable to dumping as json
    """
    if type(obj) in (str, float, int, bool, type(None)):
        return obj
    elif isinstance(obj, dict):
        return {k: sterilize(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
    list_ret = []
    dict_ret = {}
    for a in dir(obj):
        if a == '__iter__' and callable(obj.__iter__):
            list_ret.extend([sterilize(v) for v in obj])
        elif a == '__dict__':
            dict_ret.update({k: sterilize(v) for k, v in obj.__dict__.items() if k not in ['__module__', '__dict__', '__weakref__', '__doc__']})
        elif a not in ['__doc__', '__module__']:
            aval = getattr(obj, a)
            if type(aval) in (str, float, int, bool, type(None)):
                dict_ret[a] = aval
            elif a != '__class__' and a != '__objclass__' and isinstance(aval, type):
                dict_ret[a] = sterilize(aval)
    if len(list_ret) == 0:
        if len(dict_ret) == 0:
            return repr(obj)
        return dict_ret
    else:
        if len(dict_ret) == 0:
            return list_ret
    return (list_ret, dict_ret)

区别在于

Works for any iterable instead of just list and tuple (it works for NumPy arrays, etc.) Works for dynamic types (ones that contain a __dict__). Includes native types float and None so they don't get converted to string. Classes that have __dict__ and members will mostly work (if the __dict__ and member names collide, you will only get one - likely the member) Classes that are lists and have members will look like a tuple of the list and a dictionary Python3 (that isinstance() call may be the only thing that needs changing)

加拉科给出了一个非常简洁的答案。我需要修复一些小的东西，但这是有效的:

Code

# Your custom class
class MyCustom(object):
    def __json__(self):
        return {
            'a': self.a,
            'b': self.b,
            '__python__': 'mymodule.submodule:MyCustom.from_json',
        }

    to_json = __json__  # supported by simplejson

    @classmethod
    def from_json(cls, json):
        obj = cls()
        obj.a = json['a']
        obj.b = json['b']
        return obj

# Dumping and loading
import simplejson

obj = MyCustom()
obj.a = 3
obj.b = 4

json = simplejson.dumps(obj, for_json=True)

# Two-step loading
obj2_dict = simplejson.loads(json)
obj2 = MyCustom.from_json(obj2_dict)

# Make sure we have the correct thing
assert isinstance(obj2, MyCustom)
assert obj2.__dict__ == obj.__dict__

注意，加载需要两个步骤。现在是__python__属性 未使用。

这种情况有多普遍?

使用AlJohri的方法，我检查了流行的方法:

序列化(Python -> JSON):

To_json: 266,595 on 2018-06-27 toJSON: 96,307 on 2018-06-27 __json__: 8504 on 2018-06-27 For_json: 6937 on 2018-06-27

反序列化(JSON -> Python):

From_json: 226,101 on 2018-06-27