ASP中返回错误的最佳实践。NET Web API

我对我们向客户返回错误的方式有顾虑。

当我们得到一个错误时，我们是否通过抛出HttpResponseException立即返回错误:

public void Post(Customer customer)
{
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(customer.Name))
    {
        throw new HttpResponseException("Customer Name cannot be empty", HttpStatusCode.BadRequest) 
    }
    if (customer.Accounts.Count == 0)
    {
         throw new HttpResponseException("Customer does not have any account", HttpStatusCode.BadRequest) 
    }
}

或者我们把所有错误都加起来，然后发送回客户端:

public void Post(Customer customer)
{
    List<string> errors = new List<string>();
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(customer.Name))
    {
        errors.Add("Customer Name cannot be empty"); 
    }
    if (customer.Accounts.Count == 0)
    {
         errors.Add("Customer does not have any account"); 
    }
    var responseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage<List<string>>(errors, HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
    throw new HttpResponseException(responseMessage);
}

这只是一个示例代码，无论是验证错误还是服务器错误都不重要，我只是想知道最佳实践，每种方法的优点和缺点。

当前回答

对于那些modelstate的错误。isvalid是false，我通常发送错误，因为它是由代码抛出的。对于使用我的服务的开发人员来说，这很容易理解。我通常使用下面的代码发送结果。

     if(!ModelState.IsValid) {
                List<string> errorlist=new List<string>();
                foreach (var value in ModelState.Values)
                {
                    foreach(var error in value.Errors)
                    errorlist.Add( error.Exception.ToString());
                    //errorlist.Add(value.Errors);
                }
                HttpResponseMessage response = Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest,errorlist);}

这将错误以以下格式发送给客户端，基本上是一个错误列表:

    [  
    "Newtonsoft.Json.JsonReaderException: **Could not convert string to integer: abc. Path 'Country',** line 6, position 16.\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonReader.ReadAsInt32Internal()\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonTextReader.ReadAsInt32()\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalReader.ReadForType(JsonReader reader, JsonContract contract, Boolean hasConverter, Boolean inArray)\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalReader.PopulateObject(Object newObject, JsonReader reader, JsonObjectContract contract, JsonProperty member, String id)",

       "Newtonsoft.Json.JsonReaderException: **Could not convert string to integer: ab. Path 'State'**, line 7, position 13.\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonReader.ReadAsInt32Internal()\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonTextReader.ReadAsInt32()\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalReader.ReadForType(JsonReader reader, JsonContract contract, Boolean hasConverter, Boolean inArray)\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalReader.PopulateObject(Object newObject, JsonReader reader, JsonObjectContract contract, JsonProperty member, String id)"
    ]

2016-01-19 10:41:54

其他回答

     if(!ModelState.IsValid) {
                List<string> errorlist=new List<string>();
                foreach (var value in ModelState.Values)
                {
                    foreach(var error in value.Errors)
                    errorlist.Add( error.Exception.ToString());
                    //errorlist.Add(value.Errors);
                }
                HttpResponseMessage response = Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest,errorlist);}

这将错误以以下格式发送给客户端，基本上是一个错误列表:

    [  
    "Newtonsoft.Json.JsonReaderException: **Could not convert string to integer: abc. Path 'Country',** line 6, position 16.\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonReader.ReadAsInt32Internal()\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonTextReader.ReadAsInt32()\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalReader.ReadForType(JsonReader reader, JsonContract contract, Boolean hasConverter, Boolean inArray)\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalReader.PopulateObject(Object newObject, JsonReader reader, JsonObjectContract contract, JsonProperty member, String id)",

       "Newtonsoft.Json.JsonReaderException: **Could not convert string to integer: ab. Path 'State'**, line 7, position 13.\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonReader.ReadAsInt32Internal()\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonTextReader.ReadAsInt32()\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalReader.ReadForType(JsonReader reader, JsonContract contract, Boolean hasConverter, Boolean inArray)\r\n   
at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalReader.PopulateObject(Object newObject, JsonReader reader, JsonObjectContract contract, JsonProperty member, String id)"
    ]

2016-01-19 10:41:54

只是更新一下ASP的当前状态。净之前。接口现在被称为IActionResult，实现没有太大变化:

[JsonObject(IsReference = true)]
public class DuplicateEntityException : IActionResult
{        
    public DuplicateEntityException(object duplicateEntity, object entityId)
    {
        this.EntityType = duplicateEntity.GetType().Name;
        this.EntityId = entityId;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Id of the duplicate (new) entity
    /// </summary>
    public object EntityId { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Type of the duplicate (new) entity
    /// </summary>
    public string EntityType { get; set; }

    public Task ExecuteResultAsync(ActionContext context)
    {
        var message = new StringContent($"{this.EntityType ?? "Entity"} with id {this.EntityId ?? "(no id)"} already exist in the database");

        var response = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Ambiguous) { Content = message };

        return Task.FromResult(response);
    }

    #endregion
}

2016-05-10 07:51:29

ASP。NET Web API 2确实简化了它。例如，以下代码:

public HttpResponseMessage GetProduct(int id)
{
    Product item = repository.Get(id);
    if (item == null)
    {
        var message = string.Format("Product with id = {0} not found", id);
        HttpError err = new HttpError(message);
        return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound, err);
    }
    else
    {
        return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, item);
    }
}

当没有找到该项时，返回以下内容到浏览器:

HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: Thu, 09 Aug 2012 23:27:18 GMT
Content-Length: 51

{
  "Message": "Product with id = 12 not found"
}

建议:除非有灾难性错误(例如WCF Fault Exception)，否则不要抛出HTTP Error 500。选择一个表示数据状态的适当HTTP状态代码。(请参阅下面的apigee链接。)

链接:

ASP中的异常处理。NET Web API (asp.net) 而且 RESTful API设计:错误怎么办?(apigee.com)

2014-03-01 00:10:47

如果您正在使用ASP。NET Web API 2，最简单的方法是使用ApiController Short-Method。这将导致一个BadRequestResult。

return BadRequest("message");

2018-03-22 12:22:48

看起来你在验证方面遇到的麻烦比错误/异常更多，所以我将对两者都说一点。

验证

控制器动作通常应该采用Input Models，其中验证直接在模型上声明。

public class Customer
{ 
    [Require]
    public string Name { get; set; }
}

然后，您可以使用ActionFilter自动将验证消息发送回客户端。

public class ValidationActionFilter : ActionFilterAttribute
{
    public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)
    {
        var modelState = actionContext.ModelState;

        if (!modelState.IsValid) {
            actionContext.Response = actionContext.Request
                 .CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, modelState);
        }
    }
}

欲了解更多信息，请访问http://ben.onfabrik.com/posts/automatic-modelstate-validation-in-aspnet-mvc

错误处理

最好向客户端返回一条表示发生的异常的消息(带有相关的状态代码)。

开箱即用，你必须使用Request。如果你想指定一个消息，CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode, message)。但是，这将代码绑定到Request对象，而您不应该这样做。

我通常创建自己的“安全”异常类型，我希望客户端知道如何处理和包装所有其他通用500错误。

使用动作过滤器处理异常看起来像这样:

public class ApiExceptionFilterAttribute : ExceptionFilterAttribute
{
    public override void OnException(HttpActionExecutedContext context)
    {
        var exception = context.Exception as ApiException;
        if (exception != null) {
            context.Response = context.Request.CreateErrorResponse(exception.StatusCode, exception.Message);
        }
    }
}

然后可以全局注册它。

GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Filters.Add(new ApiExceptionFilterAttribute());

这是我的自定义异常类型。

using System;
using System.Net;

namespace WebApi
{
    public class ApiException : Exception
    {
        private readonly HttpStatusCode statusCode;

        public ApiException (HttpStatusCode statusCode, string message, Exception ex)
            : base(message, ex)
        {
            this.statusCode = statusCode;
        }

        public ApiException (HttpStatusCode statusCode, string message)
            : base(message)
        {
            this.statusCode = statusCode;
        }

        public ApiException (HttpStatusCode statusCode)
        {
            this.statusCode = statusCode;
        }

        public HttpStatusCode StatusCode
        {
            get { return this.statusCode; }
        }
    }
}

我的API可以抛出的一个示例异常。

public class NotAuthenticatedException : ApiException
{
    public NotAuthenticatedException()
        : base(HttpStatusCode.Forbidden)
    {
    }
}

2014-03-04 05:30:36

ASP中返回错误的最佳实践。NET Web API

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