In large applications its common for string literals to occupy large bits of memory. So to efficiently handle the memory, the JVM allocates an area called "String constant pool".(Note that in memory even an unreferenced String carries around a char[], an int for its length, and another for its hashCode. For a number, by contrast, a maximum of eight immediate bytes is required) When complier comes across a String literal it checks the pool to see if there is an identical literal already present. And if one is found, the reference to the new literal is directed to the existing String, and no new 'String literal object' is created(the existing String simply gets an additional reference). Hence : String mutability saves memory... But when any of the variables change value, Actually - it's only their reference that's changed, not the value in memory(hence it will not affect the other variables referencing it) as seen below....

字符串s1 = "旧字符串";

//s1 variable, refers to string in memory
        reference                 |     MEMORY       |
        variables                 |                  |

           [s1]   --------------->|   "Old String"   |

字符串s2 = s1;

//s2 refers to same string as s1
                                  |                  |
           [s1]   --------------->|   "Old String"   |
           [s2]   ------------------------^

s1 = "New String";

//s1 deletes reference to old string and points to the newly created one
           [s1]   -----|--------->|   "New String"   |
                       |          |                  |
                       |~~~~~~~~~X|   "Old String"   |
           [s2]   ------------------------^

原来的字符串'in memory'没有改变，但是 引用变量已被更改，以便它引用新字符串。 如果我们没有s2, Old String仍然在内存中，但是 我们无法访问它…

String s1="Hi";
String s2=s1;
s1="Bye";

System.out.println(s2); //Hi  (if String was mutable output would be: Bye)
System.out.println(s1); //Bye

s1="Hi":创建一个包含"Hi"值的对象s1。

S2 =s1:引用s1对象创建对象S2。

s1="Bye":之前的s1对象的值不会改变，因为s1有String类型，而String类型是一个不可变的类型，相反，编译器创建了一个新的String对象与"Bye"值和s1引用它。在这里，当我们打印s2值时，结果将是“Hi”而不是“Bye”，因为s2引用了前一个具有“Hi”值的s1对象。

不可变意味着一旦对象被创建，它的所有成员都不会改变。字符串是不可变的，因为你不能改变它的内容。 例如:

String s1 = "  abc  ";
String s2 = s1.trim();

在上面的代码中，字符串s1没有改变，使用s1创建了另一个对象(s2)。

不可变对象是指创建后不能修改的对象。一个典型的例子是字符串字面量。

越来越流行的D编程语言通过“不变”关键字具有“不变性”的概念。查看Dr.Dobb关于它的文章http://dobbscodetalk.com/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=Invariant-Strings.html&Itemid=29。它完美地解释了这个问题。

“不可变”意味着你不能改变值。如果你有一个String类的实例，你调用的任何方法，只要看起来是在修改这个值，实际上都会创建另一个String。

String foo = "Hello";
foo.substring(3);
<-- foo here still has the same value "Hello"

要保存更改，您应该这样做 Foo = Foo .sustring(3);

当您使用集合时，不可变与可变可能会很有趣。想想如果使用可变对象作为map的键，然后更改值会发生什么(提示:考虑equals和hashCode)。

一旦实例化，就不能更改。考虑一个类，它的实例可能用作哈希表或类似的键。查看Java最佳实践。