除了SciPy FAQ中描述的复制主要是为了向后兼容外，NumPy文档中也进一步澄清了这一点

可选的scipy加速例程(numpy.dual) 可由Scipy加速的函数的别名。 可以构建SciPy以使用加速或改进的库 FFTs，线性代数和特殊函数。这个模块允许 开发人员透明地支持这些加速功能时 SciPy是可用的，但仍然支持只安装了SciPy的用户 NumPy。

为了简单起见，这些是:

线性代数 FFT 一类改进的0阶贝塞尔函数

此外，从SciPy教程:

SciPy的顶层还包含NumPy和 numpy.lib.scimath。但是，最好直接从 而是NumPy模块。

因此，对于新的应用程序，您应该更喜欢使用在SciPy顶层复制的NumPy版本的数组操作。对于上面列出的域，您应该选择SciPy中的域，并在必要时检查NumPy中的向后兼容性。

根据我个人的经验，我使用的大多数数组函数都存在于NumPy的顶层(random除外)。然而，所有特定于领域的例程都存在于SciPy的子包中，因此我很少使用来自SciPy顶层的任何东西。

Regarding the linalg package - the scipy functions will call lapack and blas, which are available in highly optimised versions on many platforms and offer very good performance, particularly for operations on reasonably large dense matrices. On the other hand, they are not easy libraries to compile, requiring a fortran compiler and many platform specific tweaks to get full performance. Therefore, numpy provides simple implementations of many common linear algebra functions which are often good enough for many purposes.

来自维基百科(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NumPy#History):

数字代码被用来制造 它更易于维护和灵活 足以实现新功能 Numarray。这个新项目是 SciPy。避免安装整体 来获取一个数组对象， 这个新包裹被分开了 叫NumPy。

Scipy依赖于numpy，为了方便起见，它将许多numpy函数导入到它的命名空间中。

选自“数量经济学”讲座

SciPy是一个包，它包含各种构建在NumPy之上的工具，使用NumPy的数组数据类型和相关功能

事实上，当我们导入SciPy时，我们也得到了NumPy，这可以从SciPy初始化文件中看到

# Import numpy symbols to scipy name space
import numpy as _num
linalg = None
from numpy import *
from numpy.random import rand, randn
from numpy.fft import fft, ifft
from numpy.lib.scimath import *

__all__  = []
__all__ += _num.__all__
__all__ += ['randn', 'rand', 'fft', 'ifft']

del _num
# Remove the linalg imported from numpy so that the scipy.linalg package can be
# imported.
del linalg
__all__.remove('linalg')

但是，显式地使用NumPy功能是更常见和更好的实践

import numpy as np

a = np.identity(3)

SciPy中有用的是其子包中的功能吗

scipy。优化，scipy，整合，scipy。统计数据等。

上次检查时，scipy __init__方法执行了一个

from numpy import *

以便在导入scipy模块时将整个numpy名称空间包含到scipy中。

您描述的log10行为很有趣，因为两个版本都来自numpy。一个是ufunc，另一个是numpy。自由的功能。为什么scipy更喜欢库函数而不是ufunc，我不知道在我的头顶上。

编辑:事实上，我可以回答log10的问题。在scipy __init__方法中，我看到了以下内容:

# Import numpy symbols to scipy name space
import numpy as _num
from numpy import oldnumeric
from numpy import *
from numpy.random import rand, randn
from numpy.fft import fft, ifft
from numpy.lib.scimath import *

在scipy中获得的log10函数来自numpy.lib.scimath。看看这段代码，它说:

"""
Wrapper functions to more user-friendly calling of certain math functions
whose output data-type is different than the input data-type in certain
domains of the input.

For example, for functions like log() with branch cuts, the versions in this
module provide the mathematically valid answers in the complex plane:

>>> import math
>>> from numpy.lib import scimath
>>> scimath.log(-math.exp(1)) == (1+1j*math.pi)
True

Similarly, sqrt(), other base logarithms, power() and trig functions are
correctly handled.  See their respective docstrings for specific examples.
"""

该模块似乎覆盖了sqrt, log, log2, logn, log10, power, arccos, arcsin和arctanh的基本numpy ufuncs。这就解释了你所看到的行为。这样做的潜在设计原因可能隐藏在某个邮件列表帖子中。

在SciPy文档介绍的末尾有一个简短的注释:

另一个有用的命令是source。当给出一个用Python编写的函数作为参数时，它会打印出该函数的源代码列表。这对于学习算法或准确理解函数是什么很有帮助 处理它的参数。此外，不要忘记Python命令dir 用于查看模块或包的名称空间。

我认为这将允许对所涉及的所有包有足够知识的人准确地区分一些scipy和numpy函数之间的差异(这对我回答log10问题完全没有帮助)。我肯定没有这方面的知识，但来源确实表明scipy.linalg.solve和numpy.linalg.solve以不同的方式与lapack交互;

Python 2.4.3 (#1, May  5 2011, 18:44:23) 
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-50)] on linux2
>>> import scipy
>>> import scipy.linalg
>>> import numpy
>>> scipy.source(scipy.linalg.solve)
In file: /usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages/scipy/linalg/basic.py

def solve(a, b, sym_pos=0, lower=0, overwrite_a=0, overwrite_b=0,
          debug = 0):
    """ solve(a, b, sym_pos=0, lower=0, overwrite_a=0, overwrite_b=0) -> x

    Solve a linear system of equations a * x = b for x.

    Inputs:

      a -- An N x N matrix.
      b -- An N x nrhs matrix or N vector.
      sym_pos -- Assume a is symmetric and positive definite.
      lower -- Assume a is lower triangular, otherwise upper one.
               Only used if sym_pos is true.
      overwrite_y - Discard data in y, where y is a or b.

    Outputs:

      x -- The solution to the system a * x = b
    """
    a1, b1 = map(asarray_chkfinite,(a,b))
    if len(a1.shape) != 2 or a1.shape[0] != a1.shape[1]:
        raise ValueError, 'expected square matrix'
    if a1.shape[0] != b1.shape[0]:
        raise ValueError, 'incompatible dimensions'
    overwrite_a = overwrite_a or (a1 is not a and not hasattr(a,'__array__'))
    overwrite_b = overwrite_b or (b1 is not b and not hasattr(b,'__array__'))
    if debug:
        print 'solve:overwrite_a=',overwrite_a
        print 'solve:overwrite_b=',overwrite_b
    if sym_pos:
        posv, = get_lapack_funcs(('posv',),(a1,b1))
        c,x,info = posv(a1,b1,
                        lower = lower,
                        overwrite_a=overwrite_a,
                        overwrite_b=overwrite_b)
    else:
        gesv, = get_lapack_funcs(('gesv',),(a1,b1))
        lu,piv,x,info = gesv(a1,b1,
                             overwrite_a=overwrite_a,
                             overwrite_b=overwrite_b)

    if info==0:
        return x
    if info>0:
        raise LinAlgError, "singular matrix"
    raise ValueError,\
          'illegal value in %-th argument of internal gesv|posv'%(-info)

>>> scipy.source(numpy.linalg.solve)
In file: /usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages/numpy/linalg/linalg.py

def solve(a, b):
    """
    Solve the equation ``a x = b`` for ``x``.

    Parameters
    ----------
    a : array_like, shape (M, M)
        Input equation coefficients.
    b : array_like, shape (M,)
        Equation target values.

    Returns
    -------
    x : array, shape (M,)

    Raises
    ------
    LinAlgError
        If `a` is singular or not square.

    Examples
    --------
    Solve the system of equations ``3 * x0 + x1 = 9`` and ``x0 + 2 * x1 = 8``:

    >>> a = np.array([[3,1], [1,2]])
    >>> b = np.array([9,8])
    >>> x = np.linalg.solve(a, b)
    >>> x
    array([ 2.,  3.])

    Check that the solution is correct:

    >>> (np.dot(a, x) == b).all()
    True

    """
    a, _ = _makearray(a)
    b, wrap = _makearray(b)
    one_eq = len(b.shape) == 1
    if one_eq:
        b = b[:, newaxis]
    _assertRank2(a, b)
    _assertSquareness(a)
    n_eq = a.shape[0]
    n_rhs = b.shape[1]
    if n_eq != b.shape[0]:
        raise LinAlgError, 'Incompatible dimensions'
    t, result_t = _commonType(a, b)
#    lapack_routine = _findLapackRoutine('gesv', t)
    if isComplexType(t):
        lapack_routine = lapack_lite.zgesv
    else:
        lapack_routine = lapack_lite.dgesv
    a, b = _fastCopyAndTranspose(t, a, b)
    pivots = zeros(n_eq, fortran_int)
    results = lapack_routine(n_eq, n_rhs, a, n_eq, pivots, b, n_eq, 0)
    if results['info'] > 0:
        raise LinAlgError, 'Singular matrix'
    if one_eq:
        return wrap(b.ravel().astype(result_t))
    else:
        return wrap(b.transpose().astype(result_t))

这也是我的第一个帖子，所以如果我应该改变什么，请告诉我。