我想从字符串中删除所有特殊字符。允许输入A-Z(大写或小写)、数字(0-9)、下划线(_)或点符号(.)。

我有以下,它是有效的,但我怀疑(我知道!)它不是很有效:

    public static string RemoveSpecialCharacters(string str)
    {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++)
        {
            if ((str[i] >= '0' && str[i] <= '9')
                || (str[i] >= 'A' && str[i] <= 'z'
                    || (str[i] == '.' || str[i] == '_')))
                {
                    sb.Append(str[i]);
                }
        }

        return sb.ToString();
    }

最有效的方法是什么?正则表达式是什么样子的,它与普通字符串操作相比如何?

要清洗的字符串相当短,长度通常在10到30个字符之间。


当前回答

public static string RemoveSpecialCharacters(string str){
    return str.replaceAll("[^A-Za-z0-9_\\\\.]", "");
}

其他回答

下面的代码有以下输出(结论是,我们也可以节省一些内存资源分配数组更小的大小):

lookup = new bool[123];

for (var c = '0'; c <= '9'; c++)
{
    lookup[c] = true; System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine((int)c + ": " + (char)c);
}

for (var c = 'A'; c <= 'Z'; c++)
{
    lookup[c] = true; System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine((int)c + ": " + (char)c);
}

for (var c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++)
{
    lookup[c] = true; System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine((int)c + ": " + (char)c);
}

48: 0  
49: 1  
50: 2  
51: 3  
52: 4  
53: 5  
54: 6  
55: 7  
56: 8  
57: 9  
65: A  
66: B  
67: C  
68: D  
69: E  
70: F  
71: G  
72: H  
73: I  
74: J  
75: K  
76: L  
77: M  
78: N  
79: O  
80: P  
81: Q  
82: R  
83: S  
84: T  
85: U  
86: V  
87: W  
88: X  
89: Y  
90: Z  
97: a  
98: b  
99: c  
100: d  
101: e  
102: f  
103: g  
104: h  
105: i  
106: j  
107: k  
108: l  
109: m  
110: n  
111: o  
112: p  
113: q  
114: r  
115: s  
116: t  
117: u  
118: v  
119: w  
120: x  
121: y  
122: z  

你也可以添加以下代码行来支持俄语区域设置(数组大小为1104):

for (var c = 'А'; c <= 'Я'; c++)
{
    lookup[c] = true; System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine((int)c + ": " + (char)c);
}

for (var c = 'а'; c <= 'я'; c++)
{
    lookup[c] = true; System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine((int)c + ": " + (char)c);
}

你为什么认为你的方法没有效率?这实际上是最有效的方法之一。

当然,你应该将字符读入局部变量或使用枚举器来减少数组访问的次数:

public static string RemoveSpecialCharacters(this string str) {
   StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
   foreach (char c in str) {
      if ((c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || c == '.' || c == '_') {
         sb.Append(c);
      }
   }
   return sb.ToString();
}

使这种方法高效的一个原因是它具有良好的可伸缩性。执行时间将与字符串的长度相关。如果你把它用在一根大弦上,就不会有令人讨厌的意外。

编辑: 我做了一个快速的性能测试,用24个字符串运行每个函数一百万次。结果如下:

原功能:54.5毫秒。 我建议的修改:47.1毫秒。 采矿设置StringBuilder容量:43.3 ms。 正则表达式:294.4毫秒。

编辑2: 我在上面的代码中添加了A-Z和A-Z之间的区别。(我重新进行了性能测试,没有明显的差异。)

编辑3: 我测试了lookup+char[]解决方案,它运行大约13毫秒。

当然,这样做的代价是初始化庞大的查找表并将其保存在内存中。好吧,虽然没有那么多数据,但对于这样一个微不足道的函数来说,已经够多了……

private static bool[] _lookup;

static Program() {
   _lookup = new bool[65536];
   for (char c = '0'; c <= '9'; c++) _lookup[c] = true;
   for (char c = 'A'; c <= 'Z'; c++) _lookup[c] = true;
   for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) _lookup[c] = true;
   _lookup['.'] = true;
   _lookup['_'] = true;
}

public static string RemoveSpecialCharacters(string str) {
   char[] buffer = new char[str.Length];
   int index = 0;
   foreach (char c in str) {
      if (_lookup[c]) {
         buffer[index] = c;
         index++;
      }
   }
   return new string(buffer, 0, index);
}

I had to do something similar for work, but in my case I had to filter all that is not a letter, number or whitespace (but you could easily modify it to your needs). The filtering is done client-side in JavaScript, but for security reasons I am also doing the filtering server-side. Since I can expect most of the strings to be clean, I would like to avoid copying the string unless I really need to. This let my to the implementation below, which should perform better for both clean and dirty strings.

public static string EnsureOnlyLetterDigitOrWhiteSpace(string input)
{
    StringBuilder cleanedInput = null;
    for (var i = 0; i < input.Length; ++i)
    {
        var currentChar = input[i];
        var charIsValid = char.IsLetterOrDigit(currentChar) || char.IsWhiteSpace(currentChar);

        if (charIsValid)
        {
            if(cleanedInput != null)
                cleanedInput.Append(currentChar);
        }
        else
        {
            if (cleanedInput != null) continue;
            cleanedInput = new StringBuilder();
            if (i > 0)
                cleanedInput.Append(input.Substring(0, i));
        }
    }

    return cleanedInput == null ? input : cleanedInput.ToString();
}

我将使用字符串替换为正则表达式搜索“特殊字符”,替换所有字符找到一个空字符串。

这里有很多建议的解决方案,有些比其他的更有效,但可能不是很好读。这里有一个可能不是最有效的,但在大多数情况下肯定是可用的,并且非常简洁易读,利用Linq:

string stringToclean = "This is a test.  Do not try this at home; you might get hurt. Don't believe it?";

var validPunctuation = new HashSet<char>(". -");

var cleanedVersion = new String(stringToclean.Where(x => (x >= 'A' && x <= 'Z') || (x >= 'a' && x <= 'z') || validPunctuation.Contains(x)).ToArray());

var cleanedLowercaseVersion = new String(stringToclean.ToLower().Where(x => (x >= 'a' && x <= 'z') || validPunctuation.Contains(x)).ToArray());