在声明的末尾添加nil。

// Must be nil or swift complains
var someProtocol:SomeProtocol? = nil

// Init the view
override init(frame: CGRect)
    super.init(frame: frame)
    ...

这对我的案子有用，但对你的可能没用

来自文档

安全检查一 指定的初始化式必须确保所有属性 类引入的初始化 超类初始值设定项。

我们为什么需要这样的安全检查?

为了回答这个问题，让我们在swift中经历初始化过程。

Two-Phase Initialization Class initialization in Swift is a two-phase process. In the first phase, each stored property is assigned an initial value by the class that introduced it. Once the initial state for every stored property has been determined, the second phase begins, and each class is given the opportunity to customize its stored properties further before the new instance is considered ready for use. The use of a two-phase initialization process makes initialization safe, while still giving complete flexibility to each class in a class hierarchy. Two-phase initialization prevents property values from being accessed before they are initialized, and prevents property values from being set to a different value by another initializer unexpectedly.

为了确保两步初始化过程按照上面定义的那样完成，有四个安全检查，其中一个是，

安全检查一 指定的初始化式必须确保所有属性 类引入的初始化 超类初始值设定项。

现在，两相初始化从来不讲顺序，但是这个安全检查，引入了super。Init是有序的，在初始化所有属性之后。

安全检查1可能看起来无关紧要， 两阶段初始化可以防止属性值在初始化之前被访问，而不需要进行此安全检查1。

就像这个样本

class Shape {
    var name: String
    var sides : Int
    init(sides:Int, named: String) {
        self.sides = sides
        self.name = named
    }
}

class Triangle: Shape {
    var hypotenuse: Int
    init(hypotenuse:Int) {
        super.init(sides: 3, named: "Triangle") 
        self.hypotenuse = hypotenuse
    }
}

三角形。Init在使用之前已经初始化了所有属性。所以安全检查1似乎无关紧要，

但可能还有另一种情况，有点复杂，

class Shape {
    var name: String
    var sides : Int
    init(sides:Int, named: String) {
        self.sides = sides
        self.name = named
        printShapeDescription()
    }
    func printShapeDescription() {
        print("Shape Name :\(self.name)")
        print("Sides :\(self.sides)")
    }
}

class Triangle: Shape {
    var hypotenuse: Int
    init(hypotenuse:Int) {
        self.hypotenuse = hypotenuse
        super.init(sides: 3, named: "Triangle")
    }

    override func printShapeDescription() {
        super.printShapeDescription()
        print("Hypotenuse :\(self.hypotenuse)")
    }
}

let triangle = Triangle(hypotenuse: 12)

输出:

Shape Name :Triangle
Sides :3
Hypotenuse :12

Here if we had called the super.init before setting the hypotenuse, the super.init call would then have called the printShapeDescription() and since that has been overridden it would first fallback to Triangle class implementation of printShapeDescription(). The printShapeDescription() of Triangle class access the hypotenuse a non optional property that still has not been initialised. And this is not allowed as Two-phase initialization prevents property values from being accessed before they are initialized

因此，确保两阶段初始化是按照定义完成的，需要有一个特定的顺序调用super。init，也就是在初始化self类引入的所有属性之后，因此我们需要一个安全检查1

Swift强制你在使用/可能使用之前初始化每个成员var。因为它不能确定当它变成超级时发生了什么，所以它会出错:小心总比后悔好

Swift不允许你在不初始化属性的情况下初始化超类，与Obj c相反，所以你必须在调用"super.init"之前初始化所有属性。

请登录http://blog.scottlogic.com/2014/11/20/swift-initialisation.html。 它很好地解释了你的问题。

对不起，格式很难看。 只要在声明后加上一个问题字符，一切都会好起来的。 一个问题告诉编译器这个值是可选的。

class Square: Shape {
    var sideLength: Double?   // <=== like this ..

    init(sideLength:Double, name:String) {
        super.init(name:name) // Error here
        self.sideLength = sideLength
        numberOfSides = 4
    }
    func area () -> Double {
        return sideLength * sideLength
    }
}

Edit1:

有一种更好的方法可以跳过这个错误。根据jmaschad的评论，没有理由在你的情况下使用可选的，因为可选的是不舒服的使用，你总是要检查如果可选的不是nil之前访问它。所以你所要做的就是在声明后初始化member:

class Square: Shape {
    var sideLength: Double=Double()   

    init(sideLength:Double, name:String) {
        super.init(name:name)
        self.sideLength = sideLength
        numberOfSides = 4
    }
    func area () -> Double {
        return sideLength * sideLength
    }
}

Edit2:

在这个答案上得到两个负数后，我找到了更好的方法。如果你想在构造函数中初始化类成员，你必须在构造函数中并在super.init()调用之前给它赋初始值。是这样的:

class Square: Shape {
    var sideLength: Double  

    init(sideLength:Double, name:String) {
        self.sideLength = sideLength   // <= before super.init call..
        super.init(name:name)
        numberOfSides = 4
    }
    func area () -> Double {
        return sideLength * sideLength
    }
}

祝你学习Swift好运。

爱德华,

你可以像这样修改你的例子中的代码:

var playerShip:PlayerShip!
var deltaPoint = CGPointZero

init(size: CGSize)
{
    super.init(size: size)
    playerLayerNode.addChild(playerShip)        
}

这使用了一个隐式解包装的可选选项。

在文档中我们可以读到:

与可选选项一样，如果你不提供初始值 声明一个隐式展开的可选变量或属性，它是 Value自动默认为nil。”