就一句话:

 ActiveRecord::Base.subclasses.map(&:name)

确保在调用后代之前加载你的应用程序，这样所有的类都被加载了:

Rails.application.eager_load! unless Rails.application.config.eager_load

ApplicationRecord.descendants.each do |clazz|
  # do something with clazz, e.g. User, Event, Attendance, etc.
end

Rails5的模型现在是ApplicationRecord的子类，所以要获得应用程序中所有模型的列表，你需要:

ApplicationRecord.descendants.collect { |type| type.name }

或更短:

ApplicationRecord.descendants.collect(&:name)

如果你在开发模式下，你需要在以下情况之前加载模型:

Rails.application.eager_load!

ActiveRecord::Base.connection.tables.map do |model|
  model.capitalize.singularize.camelize
end

将返回

["Article", "MenuItem", "Post", "ZebraStripePerson"]

附加信息如果你想在对象名上调用一个没有model:string未知方法或变量错误的方法，使用这个

model.classify.constantize.attribute_names

def load_models_in_development
  if Rails.env == "development"
    load_models_for(Rails.root)
    Rails.application.railties.engines.each do |r|
      load_models_for(r.root)
    end
  end
end

def load_models_for(root)
  Dir.glob("#{root}/app/models/**/*.rb") do |model_path|
    begin
      require model_path
    rescue
      # ignore
    end
  end
end

如果有人觉得这个例子有用，我就随便举个例子。解决方案是基于这个答案https://stackoverflow.com/a/10712838/473040。

假设您有一个列public_uid，它被用作外部世界的主ID(您可以在这里找到为什么要这样做的原因)

现在假设您已经在一些现有的model上引入了这个字段，现在您想要重新生成所有尚未设置的记录。你可以这样做

# lib/tasks/data_integirity.rake
namespace :di do
  namespace :public_uids do
    desc "Data Integrity: genereate public_uid for any model record that doesn't have value of public_uid"
    task generate: :environment do
      Rails.application.eager_load!
      ActiveRecord::Base
        .descendants
        .select {|f| f.attribute_names.include?("public_uid") }
        .each do |m| 
          m.where(public_uid: nil).each { |mi| puts "Generating public_uid for #{m}#id #{mi.id}"; mi.generate_public_uid; mi.save }
      end 
    end 
  end 
end

现在可以运行rake di:public_uid:generate