Python 中产出关键字的用法是什么? 它能做什么?
例如,我试图理解这个代码1:
def _get_child_candidates(self, distance, min_dist, max_dist):
if self._leftchild and distance - max_dist < self._median:
yield self._leftchild
if self._rightchild and distance + max_dist >= self._median:
yield self._rightchild
这就是打电话的人:
result, candidates = [], [self]
while candidates:
node = candidates.pop()
distance = node._get_dist(obj)
if distance <= max_dist and distance >= min_dist:
result.extend(node._values)
candidates.extend(node._get_child_candidates(distance, min_dist, max_dist))
return result
当方法 _get_child_camedates 被调用时会怎样? 列表是否返回? 单一个元素吗? 是否再次调用? 以后的电话何时停止?
1. 本代码由Jochen Schulz(jrschulz)编写,他为公制空间制作了一个伟大的Python图书馆,与完整的源:模块mspace链接。
这样想吧:
迭代器只是具有下一个( ) 方法的对象的奇特探测术语。 因此, 产生式的函数最终会变成这样 :
原文:
def some_function():
for i in xrange(4):
yield i
for i in some_function():
print i
Python 翻译用上述代码所做的基本上就是:
class it:
def __init__(self):
# Start at -1 so that we get 0 when we add 1 below.
self.count = -1
# The __iter__ method will be called once by the 'for' loop.
# The rest of the magic happens on the object returned by this method.
# In this case it is the object itself.
def __iter__(self):
return self
# The next method will be called repeatedly by the 'for' loop
# until it raises StopIteration.
def next(self):
self.count += 1
if self.count < 4:
return self.count
else:
# A StopIteration exception is raised
# to signal that the iterator is done.
# This is caught implicitly by the 'for' loop.
raise StopIteration
def some_func():
return it()
for i in some_func():
print i
为了更深入地了解幕后发生的事情,
iterator = some_func()
try:
while 1:
print iterator.next()
except StopIteration:
pass
这更有意义还是更让人困惑?
我要指出,为了说明起见,这过于简单化。 )
以下是一些Python的例子, 说明如何实际安装发电机, 仿佛Python没有提供同声糖:
作为Python发电机:
from itertools import islice
def fib_gen():
a, b = 1, 1
while True:
yield a
a, b = b, a + b
assert [1, 1, 2, 3, 5] == list(islice(fib_gen(), 5))
使用地法关闭代替发电机
def ftake(fnext, last):
return [fnext() for _ in xrange(last)]
def fib_gen2():
#funky scope due to python2.x workaround
#for python 3.x use nonlocal
def _():
_.a, _.b = _.b, _.a + _.b
return _.a
_.a, _.b = 0, 1
return _
assert [1,1,2,3,5] == ftake(fib_gen2(), 5)
使用关闭物体而不是发电机(因为关闭物体和物体是等效的)
class fib_gen3:
def __init__(self):
self.a, self.b = 1, 1
def __call__(self):
r = self.a
self.a, self.b = self.b, self.a + self.b
return r
assert [1,1,2,3,5] == ftake(fib_gen3(), 5)
python 的输出与返回语句类似,但有些差异除外。如果要从函数返回多个值,返回语句将把所有值都作为列表返回,并将其存储在调用符块的内存中。但如果我们不想使用额外的内存,会怎样?相反,我们需要在需要时从函数中获取该值。这是产出的来源。考虑以下函数:
def fun():
yield 1
yield 2
yield 3
打电话的人是:
def caller():
print ('First value printing')
print (fun())
print ('Second value printing')
print (fun())
print ('Third value printing')
print (fun())
上述代码段(调用函数),如果调用,产出:-
First value printing
1
Second value printing
2
Third value printing
3
从上文可以看出, 产出返回其调用器的值, 但当函数再次调用时, 它不会从第一个语句开始, 而是从产出后右侧的语句开始。 在上述示例中, “ 第一值打印” 打印, 函数被调用。 1 被回传并打印。 然后, 打印“ 第二值打印” , 并再次调用有趣 () 。 它不打印 1 (第一个语句) , 而是返回 2 , 也就是说, 仅从产出 1 之后的语句 。 同样的程序会进一步重复 。
发电机可以使个别经过处理的物品立即得到处理(不必等待整个收集过程的处理),下面的例子说明了这一点。
import time
def get_gen():
for i in range(10):
yield i
time.sleep(1)
def get_list():
ret = []
for i in range(10):
ret.append(i)
time.sleep(1)
return ret
start_time = time.time()
print('get_gen iteration (individual results come immediately)')
for i in get_gen():
print(f'result arrived after: {time.time() - start_time:.0f} seconds')
print()
start_time = time.time()
print('get_list iteration (results come all at once)')
for i in get_list():
print(f'result arrived after: {time.time() - start_time:.0f} seconds')
get_gen iteration (individual results come immediately)
result arrived after: 0 seconds
result arrived after: 1 seconds
result arrived after: 2 seconds
result arrived after: 3 seconds
result arrived after: 4 seconds
result arrived after: 5 seconds
result arrived after: 6 seconds
result arrived after: 7 seconds
result arrived after: 8 seconds
result arrived after: 9 seconds
get_list iteration (results come all at once)
result arrived after: 10 seconds
result arrived after: 10 seconds
result arrived after: 10 seconds
result arrived after: 10 seconds
result arrived after: 10 seconds
result arrived after: 10 seconds
result arrived after: 10 seconds
result arrived after: 10 seconds
result arrived after: 10 seconds
result arrived after: 10 seconds
