虽然迟到了，但我有时会用这句俏皮话作为等效:

((Function<Value, Key>) Value::getKey).andThen(new HashSet<>()::add)::apply

表达式是Predicate<Value>，但由于映射是内联的，所以它作为过滤器工作。这当然可读性较差，但有时避免使用这种方法是有帮助的。

如果可以的话，我推荐使用Vavr。有了这个库，你可以做以下事情:

io.vavr.collection.List.ofAll(persons)
                       .distinctBy(Person::getName)
                       .toJavaSet() // or any another Java 8 Collection

Here is the example
public class PayRoll {

    private int payRollId;
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String dept;
    private int salary;


    public PayRoll(int payRollId, int id, String name, String dept, int salary) {
        super();
        this.payRollId = payRollId;
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.dept = dept;
        this.salary = salary;
    }
} 

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.stream.Collector;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

public class Prac {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int salary=70000;
        PayRoll payRoll=new PayRoll(1311, 1, "A", "HR", salary);
        PayRoll payRoll2=new PayRoll(1411, 2    , "B", "Technical", salary);
        PayRoll payRoll3=new PayRoll(1511, 1, "C", "HR", salary);
        PayRoll payRoll4=new PayRoll(1611, 1, "D", "Technical", salary);
        PayRoll payRoll5=new PayRoll(711, 3,"E", "Technical", salary);
        PayRoll payRoll6=new PayRoll(1811, 3, "F", "Technical", salary);
        List<PayRoll>list=new ArrayList<PayRoll>();
        list.add(payRoll);
        list.add(payRoll2);
        list.add(payRoll3);
        list.add(payRoll4);
        list.add(payRoll5);
        list.add(payRoll6);


        Map<Object, Optional<PayRoll>> k = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(p->p.getId()+"|"+p.getDept(),Collectors.maxBy(Comparator.comparingInt(PayRoll::getPayRollId))));


        k.entrySet().forEach(p->
        {
            if(p.getValue().isPresent())
            {
                System.out.println(p.getValue().get());
            }
        });



    }
}

Output:

PayRoll [payRollId=1611, id=1, name=D, dept=Technical, salary=70000]
PayRoll [payRollId=1811, id=3, name=F, dept=Technical, salary=70000]
PayRoll [payRollId=1411, id=2, name=B, dept=Technical, salary=70000]
PayRoll [payRollId=1511, id=1, name=C, dept=HR, salary=70000]

你可以使用groupingBy collector:

persons.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(p -> p.getName())).values().forEach(t -> System.out.println(t.get(0).getId()));

如果你想有另一个流，你可以使用这个:

persons.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(p -> p.getName())).values().stream().map(l -> (l.get(0)));

将distinct视为一个有状态过滤器。下面是一个函数，它返回一个谓词，该谓词维护之前所见内容的状态，并返回给定元素是否第一次被看到:

public static <T> Predicate<T> distinctByKey(Function<? super T, ?> keyExtractor) {
    Set<Object> seen = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet();
    return t -> seen.add(keyExtractor.apply(t));
}

然后你可以这样写:

persons.stream().filter(distinctByKey(Person::getName))

注意，如果流是有序的并且是并行运行的，这将保留副本中的任意一个元素，而不是像distinct()那样保留第一个元素。

(这本质上与我对这个问题的回答相同:Java Lambda Stream Distinct()对任意键?)

在我的情况下，我需要控制什么是前一个元素。然后，我创建了一个有状态的Predicate，我在其中控制前一个元素是否与当前元素不同，在这种情况下，我保留了它。

public List<Log> fetchLogById(Long id) {
    return this.findLogById(id).stream()
        .filter(new LogPredicate())
        .collect(Collectors.toList());
}

public class LogPredicate implements Predicate<Log> {

    private Log previous;

    public boolean test(Log atual) {
        boolean isDifferent = previouws == null || verifyIfDifferentLog(current, previous);

        if (isDifferent) {
            previous = current;
        }
        return isDifferent;
    }

    private boolean verifyIfDifferentLog(Log current, Log previous) {
        return !current.getId().equals(previous.getId());
    }

}