我也有同样的问题。我的命令行如下所示：

docker run --rm -i --name $NAME -v `pwd`:/sources:z $NAME

问题出在“pwd”上。所以我把它改成了$（pwd）：

docker run --rm -i --name $NAME -v $(pwd):/sources:z $NAME

我发现，任何位于系统指令下的目录（如/var、/usr、/etc）都不能安装在容器下。

该指令应位于用户的空格处-v开关指示docker守护进程将本地目录装载到容器，例如：

docker run -t -d -v /{local}/{path}:/{container}/{path} --name {container_name} {imagename}

使用命令行：

docker run -it --name <WHATEVER> -p <LOCAL_PORT>:<CONTAINER_PORT> -v <LOCAL_PATH>:<CONTAINER_PATH> -d <IMAGE>:<TAG>

使用docker-compose.yaml：

version: '2'
  services:
    cms:
       image: <IMAGE>:<TAG>
       ports:
       - <LOCAL_PORT>:<CONTAINER_PORT>
       volumes:
       - <LOCAL_PATH>:<CONTAINER_PATH>

假设：

图片：k3_s3标签：最新本地端口：8080容器端口：8080LOCAL_PATH:/要装载的卷容器路径：/mnt

示例：

首先创建要装载的/卷。（如果存在，则跳过）

$ mkdir -p /volume-to-mount

docker compose-f docker-compose.yaml up-d

version: '2'
  services:
    cms:
       image: ghost-cms:latest
       ports:
       - 8080:8080
       volumes:
       - /volume-to-mount:/mnt

验证容器：

docker exec -it CONTAINER_ID ls -la /mnt

下面是一个Windows路径示例：

docker run -P -it --name organizr --mount src="/c/Users/MyUserName/AppData/Roaming/DockerConfigs/Organizr",dst=/config,type=bind organizrtools/organizr-v2:latest

顺便说一句，在所有这些拉扯头发的过程中，我不得不一次又一次地计算和重新键入路径，我决定编写一个小的AutoHotkey脚本，将Windows路径转换为“Docker Windows”格式的路径。这样，我所要做的就是将任何我想用作装载点的Windows路径复制到剪贴板，按下键盘上的“应用程序键”，它就会将其格式化为Docker喜欢的路径格式。

例如：

将此复制到剪贴板：

C： \Users\My PC\AppData\Roaming\DockerConfigs\Organizr

当光标位于命令行上的所需位置时，按下Apps键，它会将其粘贴在那里：

“/c/Users/My PC/AppData/Roaming/DockerConfigs/Organizr”

为我节省了很多时间。这是给其他可能觉得有用的人的。

; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;
; Docker Utility: Convert a Windows Formatted Path to a Docker Formatter Path
;                   Useful for (example) when mounting Windows volumes via the command-line.
;
; By:       J. Scott Elblein
; Version:  1.0
; Date:     2/5/2019
;
; Usage:    Cut or Copy the Windows formatted path to the clipboard, press the AppsKey on your keyboard
;           (usually right next to the Windows Key), it'll format it into a 'docker path' and enter it
;           into the active window. Easy example usage would be to copy your intended volume path via
;           Explorer, place the cursor after the "-v" in your Docker command, press the Apps Key and
;           then it'll place the formatted path onto the line for you.
;
; TODO::    I may or may not add anything to this depending on needs. Some ideas are:
;           
;           - Add a tray menu with the ability to do some things, like just replace the unformatted path
;               on the clipboard with the formatted one rather than enter it automatically.
;           - Add 'smarter' handling so the it first confirms that the clipboard text is even a path in
;               the first place. (would need to be able to handle Win + Mac + Linux)
;           - Add command-line handling so the script doesn't need to always be in the tray, you could
;               just pass the Windows path to the script, have it format it, then paste and close.
;               Also, could have it just check for a path on the clipboard upon script startup, if found
;               do it's job, then exit the script.
;           - Add an 'all-in-one' action, to copy the selected Windows path, and then output the result.
;           - Whatever else comes to mind.
;
; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#NoEnv
SendMode Input
SetWorkingDir %A_ScriptDir%

AppsKey::

    ; Create a new var, store the current clipboard contents (should be a Windows path)
    NewStr := Clipboard

    ; Rip out the first 2 chars (should be a drive letter and colon) & convert the letter to lowercase
    ; NOTE: I could probably replace the following 3 lines with a regexreplace, but atm I'm lazy and in a rush.
    tmpVar := SubStr(NewStr, 1, 2)
    StringLower, tmpVar, tmpVar

    ; Replace the uppercase drive letter and colon with the lowercase drive letter and colon
    NewStr := StrReplace(NewStr, SubStr(NewStr, 1, 2), tmpVar)

    ; Replace backslashes with forward slashes
    NewStr := StrReplace(NewStr,  "\", "/")

    ; Replace all colons with nothing
    NewStr := StrReplace(NewStr, ":", "")

    ; Remove the last char if it's a trailing forward slash
    NewStr :=  RegExReplace(NewStr, "/$")

    ; Append a leading forward slash if not already there
    if RegExMatch(NewStr, "^/") == 0
        NewStr :=  "/" . NewStr

    ; If there are any spaces in the path ... wrap in double quotes
    if RegExMatch(NewStr, " ") > 0
        NewStr :=  """" . NewStr . """"

    ; Send the result to the active window
    SendInput % NewStr 

docker run -v /host/directory:/container/directory -t IMAGE-NAME /bin/bash

docker run -v /root/shareData:/home/shareData -t kylemanna/openvpn /bin/bash

在我的系统中，我已经纠正了nhjk的答案，当你添加-t标志时，它就完美无瑕了。

也有同样的问题。在docker文档中找到：

注意：主机目录本质上依赖于主机。因此，您不能从Dockerfile装载主机目录，VOLUME指令不支持传递主机目录，因为构建的映像应该是可移植的。主机目录不会在所有潜在主机上都可用。

因此，只有在docker run命令中使用-v参数才能装载读/写主机目录，正如其他答案正确指出的那样。