我得到了错误:
FATAL: Peer authentication failed for user "postgres"
当我尝试让postgres与Rails一起工作时。
这是pg_hba.conf,我的数据库。Yml,以及完整跟踪的转储。
我在pg_hba中将身份验证更改为md5,并尝试了不同的方法,但似乎都不起作用。
我还尝试按照Rails 3.2创建一个新用户和数据库,FATAL: Peer authentication failed for user (PG::Error)
但是它们不会在pgadmin上显示,甚至当我运行sudo -u postgres psql -l时也不会显示。
知道我哪里错了吗?
问题仍然是你的pg_hba.conf文件*。
这条线:
local all postgres peer
应该是:
local all postgres md5
修改此文件后,不要忘记重新启动PostgreSQL服务器。如果你在Linux上,那将是sudo systemctl restart postgresql(在旧系统上:sudo service postgresql restart)。
定位hba.conf
注意,这个文件的位置不是很一致。
您可以使用locate pg_hba.conf或询问PostgreSQL SHOW hba_file;来发现文件位置。
通常位于/etc/postgresql/[version]/main/pg_hba.conf和/var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf。
下面是根据官方PostgreSQL文档中的认证方法对peer和md5选项的简要描述。
对等的身份验证
对等体认证的工作原理是获取客户端的认证信息
来自内核的操作系统用户名,并使用它作为允许的
数据库用户名(可选用户名映射)。这个方法是
仅支持本地连接。
密码身份验证
The password-based authentication methods are md5 and password. These
methods operate similarly except for the way that the password is sent
across the connection, namely MD5-hashed and clear-text respectively.
If you are at all concerned about password "sniffing" attacks then md5
is preferred. Plain password should always be avoided if possible.
However, md5 cannot be used with the db_user_namespace feature. If the
connection is protected by SSL encryption then password can be used
safely (though SSL certificate authentication might be a better choice
if one is depending on using SSL).
安装Postgresql后,我执行了以下步骤。
Open the file pg_hba.conf. For Ubuntu, use for example /etc/postgresql/13/main$ sudo nano pg_hba.conf and change this line at the bottom of the file, it should be the first line of the settings:
local all postgres peer
to
local all postgres trust
Side note: If you want to be able to connect with other users as well, you also need to change:
local all all peer
to
local all all md5
If you used nano editor, exit with double Escape, x, y, Enter to save the config file.
Restart the server
$ sudo service postgresql restart
Output: * Restarting PostgreSQL 13 database server
Login into psql and set your password
$ psql -U postgres
db> ALTER USER postgres with password 'your-pass';
Output: ALTER ROLE
Side note: If you have other users, they will need a password as well:
db> ALTER USER my_user with password 'your-pass';
Then enter:
exit
Finally change the pg_hba.conf from
local all postgres trust
to
local all postgres md5
Restart the server again
$ sudo service postgresql restart
Output: * Restarting PostgreSQL 13 database server
Login at psql with postgres user
After restarting the postgresql server, the postgres user accepts the password that you chose:
psql -U postgres
Output:
Password for user postgres:
psql (13.4 (Ubuntu 13.4-1.pgdg20.04+1))
Type "help" for help.
And you are in psql:
postgres=#
Side note: Same now works for my_user if you added the user and password:
psql -d YOUR_DB_NAME -U my_user
Which will ask you for the new password of my_user.
认证方法详细说明:
信任——任何可以连接到服务器的人都被授权访问数据库
对端-使用客户端操作系统用户名作为数据库用户名访问它。
Md5基于密码的认证
如需进一步参考资料,请点击这里