如何在Java中声明和初始化数组?
当前回答
根据数组的定义,数组可以包含基元数据类型以及类的对象。对于基元数据类型,实际值存储在相邻的内存位置。对于类的对象,实际对象存储在堆段中。
一维阵列:
一维数组声明的一般形式是
type var-name[];
OR
type[] var-name;
在Java中实例化数组
var-name = new type [size];
例如
int intArray[]; // Declaring an array
intArray = new int[20]; // Allocating memory to the array
// The below line is equal to line1 + line2
int[] intArray = new int[20]; // Combining both statements in one
int[] intArray = new int[]{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
// Accessing the elements of the specified array
for (int i = 0; i < intArray.length; i++)
System.out.println("Element at index " + i + ": "+ intArray[i]);
参考:Java中的数组
其他回答
下面显示了数组的声明,但未初始化数组:
int[] myIntArray = new int[3];
下面显示了数组的声明和初始化:
int[] myIntArray = {1,2,3};
现在,下面还显示了数组的声明和初始化:
int[] myIntArray = new int[]{1,2,3};
但第三个显示了匿名数组对象创建的属性,该属性由引用变量“myIntArray”指向,因此如果我们只写“newint[]{1,2,3};”,那么这就是如何创建匿名数组对象。
如果我们只写:
int[] myIntArray;
这不是数组的声明,但以下语句使上述声明完成:
myIntArray=new int[3];
package com.examplehub.basics;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Array {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
/*
* numbers[0] = 1
* numbers[1] = 2
* numbers[2] = 3
* numbers[3] = 4
* numbers[4] = 5
*/
System.out.println("numbers[0] = " + numbers[0]);
System.out.println("numbers[1] = " + numbers[1]);
System.out.println("numbers[2] = " + numbers[2]);
System.out.println("numbers[3] = " + numbers[3]);
System.out.println("numbers[4] = " + numbers[4]);
/*
* Array index is out of bounds
*/
//System.out.println(numbers[-1]);
//System.out.println(numbers[5]);
/*
* numbers[0] = 1
* numbers[1] = 2
* numbers[2] = 3
* numbers[3] = 4
* numbers[4] = 5
*/
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println("numbers[" + i + "] = " + numbers[i]);
}
/*
* Length of numbers = 5
*/
System.out.println("length of numbers = " + numbers.length);
/*
* numbers[0] = 1
* numbers[1] = 2
* numbers[2] = 3
* numbers[3] = 4
* numbers[4] = 5
*/
for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
System.out.println("numbers[" + i + "] = " + numbers[i]);
}
/*
* numbers[4] = 5
* numbers[3] = 4
* numbers[2] = 3
* numbers[1] = 2
* numbers[0] = 1
*/
for (int i = numbers.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
System.out.println("numbers[" + i + "] = " + numbers[i]);
}
/*
* 12345
*/
for (int number : numbers) {
System.out.print(number);
}
System.out.println();
/*
* [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
*/
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(numbers));
String[] company = {"Google", "Facebook", "Amazon", "Microsoft"};
/*
* company[0] = Google
* company[1] = Facebook
* company[2] = Amazon
* company[3] = Microsoft
*/
for (int i = 0; i < company.length; i++) {
System.out.println("company[" + i + "] = " + company[i]);
}
/*
* Google
* Facebook
* Amazon
* Microsoft
*/
for (String c : company) {
System.out.println(c);
}
/*
* [Google, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft]
*/
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(company));
int[][] twoDimensionalNumbers = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6, 7},
{8, 9},
{10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}
};
/*
* total rows = 4
*/
System.out.println("total rows = " + twoDimensionalNumbers.length);
/*
* row 0 length = 3
* row 1 length = 4
* row 2 length = 2
* row 3 length = 6
*/
for (int i = 0; i < twoDimensionalNumbers.length; i++) {
System.out.println("row " + i + " length = " + twoDimensionalNumbers[i].length);
}
/*
* row 0 = 1 2 3
* row 1 = 4 5 6 7
* row 2 = 8 9
* row 3 = 10 11 12 13 14 15
*/
for (int i = 0; i < twoDimensionalNumbers.length; i++) {
System.out.print("row " + i + " = ");
for (int j = 0; j < twoDimensionalNumbers[i].length; j++) {
System.out.print(twoDimensionalNumbers[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
/*
* row 0 = [1, 2, 3]
* row 1 = [4, 5, 6, 7]
* row 2 = [8, 9]
* row 3 = [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
*/
for (int i = 0; i < twoDimensionalNumbers.length; i++) {
System.out.println("row " + i + " = " + Arrays.toString(twoDimensionalNumbers[i]));
}
/*
* 1 2 3
* 4 5 6 7
* 8 9
* 10 11 12 13 14 15
*/
for (int[] ints : twoDimensionalNumbers) {
for (int num : ints) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
/*
* [1, 2, 3]
* [4, 5, 6, 7]
* [8, 9]
* [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
*/
for (int[] ints : twoDimensionalNumbers) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ints));
}
int length = 5;
int[] array = new int[length];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
array[i] = i + 1;
}
/*
* [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
*/
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));
}
}
来源于examplehub/java
电影类的另一个完整示例:
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
class Movie {
String movieName;
String genre;
String movieType;
String year;
String ageRating;
String rating;
public Movie(String [] str)
{
this.movieName = str[0];
this.genre = str[1];
this.movieType = str[2];
this.year = str[3];
this.ageRating = str[4];
this.rating = str[5];
}
}
String [] movieDetailArr = {"Inception", "Thriller", "MovieType", "2010", "13+", "10/10"};
Movie mv = new Movie(movieDetailArr);
System.out.println("Movie Name: "+ mv.movieName);
System.out.println("Movie genre: "+ mv.genre);
System.out.println("Movie type: "+ mv.movieType);
System.out.println("Movie year: "+ mv.year);
System.out.println("Movie age : "+ mv.ageRating);
System.out.println("Movie rating: "+ mv.rating);
}
}
有两种类型的阵列。
一维阵列
默认值的语法:
int[] num = new int[5];
或(不太优选)
int num[] = new int[5];
给定值的语法(变量/字段初始化):
int[] num = {1,2,3,4,5};
或(不太优选)
int num[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
注意:为了方便起见,最好使用int[]num,因为它清楚地告诉您在这里讨论的是数组。否则没有区别。一点也不。
多维数组
公告
int[][] num = new int[5][2];
Or
int num[][] = new int[5][2];
Or
int[] num[] = new int[5][2];
初始化
num[0][0]=1;
num[0][1]=2;
num[1][0]=1;
num[1][1]=2;
num[2][0]=1;
num[2][1]=2;
num[3][0]=1;
num[3][1]=2;
num[4][0]=1;
num[4][1]=2;
Or
int[][] num={ {1,2}, {1,2}, {1,2}, {1,2}, {1,2} };
杂乱阵列(或非矩形阵列)
int[][] num = new int[5][];
num[0] = new int[1];
num[1] = new int[5];
num[2] = new int[2];
num[3] = new int[3];
所以这里我们是显式定义列。另一种方式:
int[][] num={ {1}, {1,2}, {1,2,3,4,5}, {1,2}, {1,2,3} };
用于访问:
for (int i=0; i<(num.length); i++ ) {
for (int j=0;j<num[i].length;j++)
System.out.println(num[i][j]);
}
或者:
for (int[] a : num) {
for (int i : a) {
System.out.println(i);
}
}
杂乱数组是多维数组。有关说明,请参阅官方java教程中的多维数组详细信息
制作阵列有两种主要方法:
对于空数组:
int[] array = new int[n]; // "n" being the number of spaces to allocate in the array
对于一个初始化的数组:
int[] array = {1,2,3,4 ...};
您还可以创建多维数组,如下所示:
int[][] array2d = new int[x][y]; // "x" and "y" specify the dimensions
int[][] array2d = { {1,2,3 ...}, {4,5,6 ...} ...};
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