我一直是一个简单使用的人:

List<String> names = new ArrayList<>();

我使用接口作为可移植性的类型名称,这样当我问类似这样的问题时,我就可以修改代码。

LinkedList何时应用于ArrayList,反之亦然?


当前回答

正确或不正确:请在本地执行测试并自行决定!

LinkedList中的编辑/删除速度比ArrayList快。

Array支持的ArrayList需要两倍的大小,在大容量应用程序中更糟糕。

以下是每个操作的单元测试结果。计时单位为纳秒。


Operation                       ArrayList                      LinkedList  

AddAll   (Insert)               101,16719                      2623,29291 

Add      (Insert-Sequentially)  152,46840                      966,62216

Add      (insert-randomly)      36527                          29193

remove   (Delete)               20,56,9095                     20,45,4904

contains (Search)               186,15,704                     189,64,981

代码如下:

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.*;

public class ArrayListVsLinkedList {
    private static final int MAX = 500000;
    String[] strings = maxArray();

    ////////////// ADD ALL ////////////////////////////////////////
    @Test
    public void arrayListAddAll() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX);

        watch.start();
        arrayList.addAll(stringList);
        watch.totalTime("Array List addAll() = ");//101,16719 Nanoseconds
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListAddAll() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);

        watch.start();
        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        linkedList.addAll(stringList);
        watch.totalTime("Linked List addAll() = ");  //2623,29291 Nanoseconds
    }

    //Note: ArrayList is 26 time faster here than LinkedList for addAll()

    ///////////////// INSERT /////////////////////////////////////////////
    @Test
    public void arrayListAdd() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX);

        watch.start();
        for (String string : strings)
            arrayList.add(string);
        watch.totalTime("Array List add() = ");//152,46840 Nanoseconds
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListAdd() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();

        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        watch.start();
        for (String string : strings)
            linkedList.add(string);
        watch.totalTime("Linked List add() = ");  //966,62216 Nanoseconds
    }

    //Note: ArrayList is 9 times faster than LinkedList for add sequentially

    /////////////////// INSERT IN BETWEEN ///////////////////////////////////////

    @Test
    public void arrayListInsertOne() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX + MAX / 10);
        arrayList.addAll(stringList);

        String insertString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String insertString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);
        String insertString2 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 30);
        String insertString3 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 40);

        watch.start();

        arrayList.add(insertString0);
        arrayList.add(insertString1);
        arrayList.add(insertString2);
        arrayList.add(insertString3);

        watch.totalTime("Array List add() = ");//36527
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListInsertOne() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        linkedList.addAll(stringList);

        String insertString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String insertString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);
        String insertString2 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 30);
        String insertString3 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 40);

        watch.start();

        linkedList.add(insertString0);
        linkedList.add(insertString1);
        linkedList.add(insertString2);
        linkedList.add(insertString3);

        watch.totalTime("Linked List add = ");//29193
    }


    //Note: LinkedList is 3000 nanosecond faster than ArrayList for insert randomly.

    ////////////////// DELETE //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    @Test
    public void arrayListRemove() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX);

        arrayList.addAll(stringList);
        String searchString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String searchString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);

        watch.start();
        arrayList.remove(searchString0);
        arrayList.remove(searchString1);
        watch.totalTime("Array List remove() = ");//20,56,9095 Nanoseconds
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListRemove() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        linkedList.addAll(Arrays.asList(strings));

        String searchString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String searchString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);

        watch.start();
        linkedList.remove(searchString0);
        linkedList.remove(searchString1);
        watch.totalTime("Linked List remove = ");//20,45,4904 Nanoseconds
    }

    //Note: LinkedList is 10 millisecond faster than ArrayList while removing item.

    ///////////////////// SEARCH ///////////////////////////////////////////
    @Test
    public void arrayListSearch() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX);

        arrayList.addAll(stringList);
        String searchString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String searchString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);

        watch.start();
        arrayList.contains(searchString0);
        arrayList.contains(searchString1);
        watch.totalTime("Array List addAll() time = ");//186,15,704
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListSearch() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        linkedList.addAll(Arrays.asList(strings));

        String searchString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String searchString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);

        watch.start();
        linkedList.contains(searchString0);
        linkedList.contains(searchString1);
        watch.totalTime("Linked List addAll() time = ");//189,64,981
    }

    //Note: Linked List is 500 Milliseconds faster than ArrayList

    class Watch {
        private long startTime;
        private long endTime;

        public void start() {
            startTime = System.nanoTime();
        }

        private void stop() {
            endTime = System.nanoTime();
        }

        public void totalTime(String s) {
            stop();
            System.out.println(s + (endTime - startTime));
        }
    }


    private String[] maxArray() {
        String[] strings = new String[MAX];
        Boolean result = Boolean.TRUE;
        for (int i = 0; i < MAX; i++) {
            strings[i] = getString(result, i);
            result = !result;
        }
        return strings;
    }

    private String getString(Boolean result, int i) {
        return String.valueOf(result) + i + String.valueOf(!result);
    }
}

其他回答

对于ArrayList和LinkedList,remove()和insert()的运行时效率都为O(n)。然而,线性处理时间背后的原因来自两个非常不同的原因:

在ArrayList中,您可以找到O(1)中的元素,但实际上删除或插入某些元素会使其成为O(n),因为以下所有元素都需要更改。

在LinkedList中,实际到达所需元素需要O(n),因为我们必须从一开始就开始,直到达到所需的索引。实际上,移除或插入是常量,因为我们只需要为remove()更改1个引用,为insert()更改2个引用。

插入和删除这两项中的哪一项更快取决于发生的位置。如果我们更接近开始,LinkedList将更快,因为我们必须经过相对较少的元素。如果我们接近末尾,ArrayList将更快,因为我们在恒定的时间内到达那里,只需更改紧随其后的几个剩余元素。如果正好在中间完成,LinkedList将更快速,因为遍历n个元素比移动n个值更快。

好处:虽然无法为ArrayList创建这两个方法O(1),但实际上在LinkedList中有一种方法可以做到这一点。假设我们想在整个列表中删除和插入元素。通常,您可以使用LinkedList从头开始每个元素,我们也可以使用迭代器“保存”当前正在处理的元素。在迭代器的帮助下,当在LinkedList中工作时,remove()和insert()的效率为O(1)。使其成为我所知的唯一性能优势,LinkedList总是优于ArrayList。

正确或不正确:请在本地执行测试并自行决定!

LinkedList中的编辑/删除速度比ArrayList快。

Array支持的ArrayList需要两倍的大小,在大容量应用程序中更糟糕。

以下是每个操作的单元测试结果。计时单位为纳秒。


Operation                       ArrayList                      LinkedList  

AddAll   (Insert)               101,16719                      2623,29291 

Add      (Insert-Sequentially)  152,46840                      966,62216

Add      (insert-randomly)      36527                          29193

remove   (Delete)               20,56,9095                     20,45,4904

contains (Search)               186,15,704                     189,64,981

代码如下:

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.*;

public class ArrayListVsLinkedList {
    private static final int MAX = 500000;
    String[] strings = maxArray();

    ////////////// ADD ALL ////////////////////////////////////////
    @Test
    public void arrayListAddAll() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX);

        watch.start();
        arrayList.addAll(stringList);
        watch.totalTime("Array List addAll() = ");//101,16719 Nanoseconds
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListAddAll() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);

        watch.start();
        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        linkedList.addAll(stringList);
        watch.totalTime("Linked List addAll() = ");  //2623,29291 Nanoseconds
    }

    //Note: ArrayList is 26 time faster here than LinkedList for addAll()

    ///////////////// INSERT /////////////////////////////////////////////
    @Test
    public void arrayListAdd() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX);

        watch.start();
        for (String string : strings)
            arrayList.add(string);
        watch.totalTime("Array List add() = ");//152,46840 Nanoseconds
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListAdd() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();

        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        watch.start();
        for (String string : strings)
            linkedList.add(string);
        watch.totalTime("Linked List add() = ");  //966,62216 Nanoseconds
    }

    //Note: ArrayList is 9 times faster than LinkedList for add sequentially

    /////////////////// INSERT IN BETWEEN ///////////////////////////////////////

    @Test
    public void arrayListInsertOne() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX + MAX / 10);
        arrayList.addAll(stringList);

        String insertString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String insertString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);
        String insertString2 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 30);
        String insertString3 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 40);

        watch.start();

        arrayList.add(insertString0);
        arrayList.add(insertString1);
        arrayList.add(insertString2);
        arrayList.add(insertString3);

        watch.totalTime("Array List add() = ");//36527
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListInsertOne() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        linkedList.addAll(stringList);

        String insertString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String insertString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);
        String insertString2 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 30);
        String insertString3 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 40);

        watch.start();

        linkedList.add(insertString0);
        linkedList.add(insertString1);
        linkedList.add(insertString2);
        linkedList.add(insertString3);

        watch.totalTime("Linked List add = ");//29193
    }


    //Note: LinkedList is 3000 nanosecond faster than ArrayList for insert randomly.

    ////////////////// DELETE //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    @Test
    public void arrayListRemove() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX);

        arrayList.addAll(stringList);
        String searchString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String searchString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);

        watch.start();
        arrayList.remove(searchString0);
        arrayList.remove(searchString1);
        watch.totalTime("Array List remove() = ");//20,56,9095 Nanoseconds
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListRemove() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        linkedList.addAll(Arrays.asList(strings));

        String searchString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String searchString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);

        watch.start();
        linkedList.remove(searchString0);
        linkedList.remove(searchString1);
        watch.totalTime("Linked List remove = ");//20,45,4904 Nanoseconds
    }

    //Note: LinkedList is 10 millisecond faster than ArrayList while removing item.

    ///////////////////// SEARCH ///////////////////////////////////////////
    @Test
    public void arrayListSearch() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX);

        arrayList.addAll(stringList);
        String searchString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String searchString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);

        watch.start();
        arrayList.contains(searchString0);
        arrayList.contains(searchString1);
        watch.totalTime("Array List addAll() time = ");//186,15,704
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListSearch() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        linkedList.addAll(Arrays.asList(strings));

        String searchString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String searchString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);

        watch.start();
        linkedList.contains(searchString0);
        linkedList.contains(searchString1);
        watch.totalTime("Linked List addAll() time = ");//189,64,981
    }

    //Note: Linked List is 500 Milliseconds faster than ArrayList

    class Watch {
        private long startTime;
        private long endTime;

        public void start() {
            startTime = System.nanoTime();
        }

        private void stop() {
            endTime = System.nanoTime();
        }

        public void totalTime(String s) {
            stop();
            System.out.println(s + (endTime - startTime));
        }
    }


    private String[] maxArray() {
        String[] strings = new String[MAX];
        Boolean result = Boolean.TRUE;
        for (int i = 0; i < MAX; i++) {
            strings[i] = getString(result, i);
            result = !result;
        }
        return strings;
    }

    private String getString(Boolean result, int i) {
        return String.valueOf(result) + i + String.valueOf(!result);
    }
}

ArrayList是可随机访问的,而LinkedList扩展和删除元素非常便宜。在大多数情况下,ArrayList都可以。

除非您创建了大量列表并测量了瓶颈,否则您可能永远不需要担心差异。

Algorithm           ArrayList   LinkedList
seek front            O(1)         O(1)
seek back             O(1)         O(1)
seek to index         O(1)         O(N)
insert at front       O(N)         O(1)
insert at back        O(1)         O(1)
insert after an item  O(N)         O(1)

算法:Big Oh符号(存档)

ArrayList适用于一次写入、多次读取或追加,但不适用于从前面或中间添加/删除。

ArrayList本质上是一个数组。LinkedList实现为双链接列表。

答案很清楚。O(1)表示ArrayList,因为ArrayList允许使用索引进行随机访问。O(n)表示LinkedList,因为它需要首先查找索引。注意:添加和删除有不同的版本。

LinkedList在添加和删除时速度更快,但在获取时速度较慢。简而言之,在以下情况下,应首选LinkedList:

元素没有大量的随机访问有大量的添加/删除操作

==阵列列表===

添加(E E)在ArrayList末尾添加需要内存大小调整成本。O(n)最差,O(1)摊销add(int索引,E元素)添加到特定索引位置需要移动和可能的内存调整成本O(n)删除(int索引)删除指定的元素需要移动和可能的内存调整成本O(n)删除(对象o)从此列表中删除第一个出现的指定元素需要先搜索元素,然后移动&可能的内存调整成本O(n)

==链接列表===

添加(E E)添加到列表末尾O(1)add(int索引,E元素)在指定位置插入需要先找到位置O(n)删除()删除列表的第一个元素O(1)删除(int索引)删除具有指定索引的元素需要先找到元素O(n)删除(对象o)删除指定元素的第一个引用需要先找到元素O(n)

这是programcreek.com中的一个图(add和remove是第一种类型,即在列表末尾添加元素,然后在列表中的指定位置删除元素):