我遇到过许多变量都是大写的shell脚本,我一直认为这是一个严重的误解。我的理解是,按照惯例(也许是很久以前的需要),环境变量都是大写的。
但是在像Bash这样的现代脚本环境中,我总是喜欢使用小写字母表示临时变量,而只对导出变量(即环境变量)使用大写字母。例如:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
year=$(date +%Y)
echo "It is $year."
export JAVA_HOME="$HOME/java"
这一直是我对事物的看法。是否有任何权威来源同意或不同意这种方法,或者这纯粹是一个风格问题?
Bash, and most shell script interpreters, recognize global and local variables within functions (e.g typeset, declare, local) and should be used as appropriate. As previously commented, "Environment variable names used by the utilities in the Shell and Utilities volume of POSIX.1-2017 consist solely of uppercase letters, digits, and the underscore ( _ ) from the characters defined in Portable Character Set and do not begin with a digit. ... The name space of environment variable names containing lowercase letters is reserved for applications. Applications can define any environment variables with names from this name space without modifying the behavior of the standard utilities." (POSIX IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 section 8.1 )