我相信有一个很好的理由,但有人能解释一下为什么java.util.Set接口缺少get(int Index),或任何类似的get()方法吗?
集合似乎很适合把东西放进去,但我找不到一种优雅的方法来从中检索单个项目。
如果我知道我想要的第一项,我可以使用set.iterator().next(),但否则,似乎我必须强制转换到一个数组来检索特定索引的项?
从集合中检索数据的适当方法是什么?(与使用迭代器不同)
我相信它被排除在API之外的事实意味着有一个很好的理由不这样做——有人能启发我吗?
编辑:
这里有一些非常棒的回答,还有一些说“更多的背景”。具体的场景是一个dbUnit测试,在这个测试中,我可以合理地断言从查询返回的集合只有1个项,并且我正在尝试访问该项。
然而,这个问题在没有场景的情况下更有效,因为它仍然更集中:
set和list的区别是什么?
感谢大家的精彩回答。
实际上,在编写使用对象-关系映射的JavaEE应用程序(例如Hibernate)时,这是一个反复出现的问题;在所有回复这里的人中,Andreas Petersson是唯一一个理解真正问题并给出正确答案的人:Java缺少一个UniqueList!(或者您也可以将其称为OrderedSet或IndexedSet)。
Maxwing提到了这个用例(在这个用例中,您需要有序且唯一的数据),他建议使用SortedSet,但这不是Marty Pitt真正需要的。
这个“IndexedSet”和SortedSet不一样——在SortedSet中,元素是通过比较器排序的(或者使用它们的“自然”排序)。
但相反,它更接近于LinkedHashSet(其他人也建议),甚至更接近于一个(也不存在)"ArrayListSet",因为它保证元素以插入时相同的顺序返回。
但是LinkedHashSet是一个实现,而不是一个接口!所需要的是IndexedSet(或ListSet,或OrderedSet,或UniqueList)接口!这将允许程序员指定他需要一个具有特定顺序且没有重复的元素集合,然后用任何实现实例化它(例如Hibernate提供的实现)。
因为JDK是开源的,也许这个接口最终会被包含在Java 7中…
我不确定是否有人这么说过,但你需要明白以下几点:
集合中没有“first”元素。
因为,正如其他人所说,集合没有顺序。集合是一个数学概念,特别不包括排序。
Of course, your computer can't really keep a list of stuff that's not ordered in memory. It has to have some ordering. Internally it's an array or a linked list or something. But you don't really know what it is, and it doesn't really have a first element; the element that comes out "first" comes out that way by chance, and might not be first next time. Even if you took steps to "guarantee" a particular first element, it's still coming out by chance, because you just happened to get it right for one particular implementation of a Set; a different implementation might not work that way with what you did. And, in fact, you may not know the implementation you're using as well as you think you do.
People run into this ALL. THE. TIME. with RDBMS systems and don't understand. An RDBMS query returns a set of records. This is the same type of set from mathematics: an unordered collection of items, only in this case the items are records. An RDBMS query result has no guaranteed order at all unless you use the ORDER BY clause, but all the time people assume it does and then trip themselves up some day when the shape of their data or code changes slightly and triggers the query optimizer to work a different way and suddenly the results don't come out in the order they expect. These are typically the people who didn't pay attention in database class (or when reading the documentation or tutorials) when it was explained to them, up front, that query results do not have a guaranteed ordering.