我相信有一个很好的理由,但有人能解释一下为什么java.util.Set接口缺少get(int Index),或任何类似的get()方法吗?

集合似乎很适合把东西放进去,但我找不到一种优雅的方法来从中检索单个项目。

如果我知道我想要的第一项,我可以使用set.iterator().next(),但否则,似乎我必须强制转换到一个数组来检索特定索引的项?

从集合中检索数据的适当方法是什么?(与使用迭代器不同)

我相信它被排除在API之外的事实意味着有一个很好的理由不这样做——有人能启发我吗?

编辑: 这里有一些非常棒的回答,还有一些说“更多的背景”。具体的场景是一个dbUnit测试,在这个测试中,我可以合理地断言从查询返回的集合只有1个项,并且我正在尝试访问该项。

然而,这个问题在没有场景的情况下更有效,因为它仍然更集中:

set和list的区别是什么?

感谢大家的精彩回答。


当前回答

要获取Set中的元素,我使用以下命令:

public T getElement(Set<T> set, T element) {
T result = null;
if (set instanceof TreeSet<?>) {
    T floor = ((TreeSet<T>) set).floor(element);
    if (floor != null && floor.equals(element))
    result = floor;
} else {
    boolean found = false;
    for (Iterator<T> it = set.iterator(); !found && it.hasNext();) {
    if (true) {
        T current = it.next();
        if (current.equals(element)) {
        result = current;
        found = true;
        }
    }
    }
}
return result;
}

其他回答

请注意,只有2个基本的数据结构可以通过索引访问。

数组数据结构可以通过O(1)时间复杂度的索引访问,实现get(int index)操作。 LinkedList数据结构也可以通过索引访问,但要用O(n)时间复杂度来实现get(int index)操作。

在Java中,ArrayList是使用Array数据结构实现的。

而Set数据结构通常可以通过HashTable/HashMap或BalancedTree数据结构实现,为了快速检测元素是否存在并添加不存在的元素,通常一个实现良好的Set可以实现O(1)个时间复杂度包含操作。在Java中,HashSet是Set最常用的实现,它是通过调用HashMap API来实现的,HashMap是使用链表(Array和LinkedList的组合)来实现的。

由于Set可以通过不同的数据结构实现,因此没有get(int index)方法。

我能想到的在集合中使用数值索引的唯一原因是为了迭代。为此,请使用

for(A a : set) { 
   visit(a); 
}

如果您不介意要排序的集合,那么您可能有兴趣看看索引树映射项目。

增强的TreeSet/TreeMap提供了通过索引访问元素或获取元素索引的功能。实现基于更新RB树中的节点权重。所以这里没有迭代,也没有列表备份。

我不确定是否有人这么说过,但你需要明白以下几点:

集合中没有“first”元素。

因为,正如其他人所说,集合没有顺序。集合是一个数学概念,特别不包括排序。

Of course, your computer can't really keep a list of stuff that's not ordered in memory. It has to have some ordering. Internally it's an array or a linked list or something. But you don't really know what it is, and it doesn't really have a first element; the element that comes out "first" comes out that way by chance, and might not be first next time. Even if you took steps to "guarantee" a particular first element, it's still coming out by chance, because you just happened to get it right for one particular implementation of a Set; a different implementation might not work that way with what you did. And, in fact, you may not know the implementation you're using as well as you think you do.

People run into this ALL. THE. TIME. with RDBMS systems and don't understand. An RDBMS query returns a set of records. This is the same type of set from mathematics: an unordered collection of items, only in this case the items are records. An RDBMS query result has no guaranteed order at all unless you use the ORDER BY clause, but all the time people assume it does and then trip themselves up some day when the shape of their data or code changes slightly and triggers the query optimizer to work a different way and suddenly the results don't come out in the order they expect. These are typically the people who didn't pay attention in database class (or when reading the documentation or tutorials) when it was explained to them, up front, that query results do not have a guaranteed ordering.

因为Set在随机位置存储唯一的元素,并且在内部它使用多个数据结构。即数组,链表,带有哈希的树。

链接 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_ (abstract_data_type)