在PHP中,我在许多PHP项目中都看到了cURL这个词。是什么?它是如何工作的?

参考链接:cURL


当前回答

Php curl类(GET,POST,文件上传,会话,发送POST JSON,强制自签名SSL/TLS):

<?php
    // Php curl class
    class Curl {

        public $error;

        function __construct() {}

        function Get($url = "http://hostname.x/api.php?q=jabadoo&txt=gin", $forceSsl = false,$cookie = "", $session = true){
            // $url = $url . "?". http_build_query($data);
            $ch = curl_init();
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);        
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
            if($session){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, true );
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, 'cookies.txt');
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, 'cookies.txt');
            }
            if($forceSsl){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); // 1, 2
            }
            if(!empty($cookie)){            
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $cookie); // "token=12345"
            }
            $info = curl_getinfo($ch);
            $res = curl_exec($ch);        
            if (curl_error($ch)) {
                $this->error = curl_error($ch);
                throw new Exception($this->error);
            }else{
                curl_close($ch);
                return $res;
            }        
        }

        function GetArray($url = "http://hostname.x/api.php", $data = array("name" => "Max", "age" => "36"), $forceSsl = false, $cookie = "", $session = true){
            $url = $url . "?". http_build_query($data);
            $ch = curl_init();
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
            if($session){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, true );
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, 'cookies.txt');
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, 'cookies.txt');
            }
            if($forceSsl){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); // 1, 2
            }
            if(!empty($cookie)){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $cookie); // "token=12345"
            }
            $info = curl_getinfo($ch);
            $res = curl_exec($ch);        
            if (curl_error($ch)) {
                $this->error = curl_error($ch);
                throw new Exception($this->error);
            }else{
                curl_close($ch);
                return $res;
            }        
        }

        function PostJson($url = "http://hostname.x/api.php", $data = array("name" => "Max", "age" => "36"), $forceSsl = false, $cookie = "", $session = true){
            $data = json_encode($data);
            $ch = curl_init($url);                                                                      
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "POST");
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);                                                                  
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
            if($session){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, true );
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, 'cookies.txt');
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, 'cookies.txt');
            }
            if($forceSsl){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); // 1, 2
            }
            if(!empty($cookie)){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $cookie); // "token=12345"
            }
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array(
                'Authorization: Bearer helo29dasd8asd6asnav7ffa',                                                      
                'Content-Type: application/json',                                                                                
                'Content-Length: ' . strlen($data))                                                                       
            );        
            $res = curl_exec($ch);
            if (curl_error($ch)) {
                $this->error = curl_error($ch);
                throw new Exception($this->error);
            }else{
                curl_close($ch);
                return $res;
            } 
        }

        function Post($url = "http://hostname.x/api.php", $data = array("name" => "Max", "age" => "36"), $files = array('ads/ads0.jpg', 'ads/ads1.jpg'), $forceSsl = false, $cookie = "", $session = true){
            foreach ($files as $k => $v) {
                $f = realpath($v);
                if(file_exists($f)){
                    $fc = new CurlFile($f, mime_content_type($f), basename($f)); 
                    $data["file[".$k."]"] = $fc;
                }
            }
            $ch = curl_init();
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "POST");        
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);    
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SAFE_UPLOAD, false); // !!!! required as of PHP 5.6.0 for files !!!
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-GB; rv:1.9.2) Gecko/20100115 Firefox/3.6 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)");
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
            if($session){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, true );
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, 'cookies.txt');
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, 'cookies.txt');
            }
            if($forceSsl){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); // 1, 2
            }
            if(!empty($cookie)){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $cookie); // "token=12345"
            }
            $res = curl_exec($ch);
            if (curl_error($ch)) {
                $this->error = curl_error($ch);
                throw new Exception($this->error);
            }else{
                curl_close($ch);
                return $res;
            } 
        }
    }
?>

例子:

<?php
    $urlget = "http://hostname.x/api.php?id=123&user=bax";
    $url = "http://hostname.x/api.php";
    $data = array("name" => "Max", "age" => "36");
    $files = array('ads/ads0.jpg', 'ads/ads1.jpg');

    $curl = new Curl();
    echo $curl->Get($urlget, true, "token=12345");
    echo $curl->GetArray($url, $data, true);
    echo $curl->Post($url, $data, $files, true);
    echo $curl->PostJson($url, $data, true);
?>

Php文件:api.php

<?php
    /*
    $Cookie = session_get_cookie_params();
    print_r($Cookie);
    */
    session_set_cookie_params(9000, '/', 'hostname.x', isset($_SERVER["HTTPS"]), true);
    session_start();

    $_SESSION['cnt']++;
    echo "Session count: " . $_SESSION['cnt']. "\r\n";
    echo $json = file_get_contents('php://input');
    $arr = json_decode($json, true);
    echo "<pre>";
    if(!empty($json)){ print_r($arr); }
    if(!empty($_GET)){ print_r($_GET); }
    if(!empty($_POST)){ print_r($_POST); }
    if(!empty($_FILES)){ print_r($_FILES); }
    // request headers
    print_r(getallheaders());
    print_r(apache_response_headers());
    // Fetch a list of headers to be sent.
    // print_r(headers_list());
?>

其他回答

PHP中的cURL是使用PHP语言中的命令行cURL的桥梁

cURL扩展到PHP的目的是让你从你的PHP脚本中使用各种web资源。

cURL是一个允许您在PHP中发出HTTP请求的库。您需要了解的关于它(以及大多数其他扩展)的一切都可以在PHP手册中找到。

为了使用PHP的cURL函数 您需要安装»libcurl 包中。PHP要求您使用 Libcurl 7.0.2 beta或更高版本。在PHP中 4.2.3,您需要libcurl版本7.9.0或更高。从PHP 4.3.0开始,您将需要一个libcurl版本 7.9.8或更高。PHP 5.0.0需要libcurl 7.10.5或更高版本。

您也可以在没有cURL的情况下进行HTTP请求,尽管它需要在php.ini文件中启用allow_url_fopen。

// Make a HTTP GET request and print it (requires allow_url_fopen to be enabled)
print file_get_contents('http://www.example.com/');

cURL

cURL是一种从代码中命中URL以从中获得HTML响应的方法。 它用于PHP语言的命令行cURL。 cURL是一个允许您在PHP中发出HTTP请求的库。

PHP支持libcurl,这是Daniel Stenberg创建的库,它允许您使用许多不同类型的协议连接和通信到许多不同类型的服务器。Libcurl目前支持http、https、ftp、gopher、telnet、dict、file和ldap协议。libcurl还支持HTTPS证书、HTTP POST、HTTP PUT、FTP上传(这也可以用PHP的FTP扩展完成)、基于HTTP表单的上传、代理、cookie和用户+密码身份验证。

在编译了支持cURL的PHP之后,就可以开始使用cURL函数了。cURL函数背后的基本思想是使用curl_init()初始化一个cURL会话,然后可以通过curl_setopt()设置传输的所有选项,然后可以使用curl_exec()执行会话,然后使用curl_close()结束会话。

示例代码

// error reporting
error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set("display_errors", 1);

//setting url
$url = 'http://example.com/api';

//data
$data = array("message" => "Hello World!!!");

try {
    $ch = curl_init($url);
    $data_string = json_encode($data);

    if (FALSE === $ch)
        throw new Exception('failed to initialize');

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "POST");
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data_string);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, false);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array( 'Content-Type: application/json', 'Content-Length: ' . strlen($data_string)));
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 5);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 5);

        $output = curl_exec($ch);

    if (FALSE === $output)
        throw new Exception(curl_error($ch), curl_errno($ch));

    // ...process $output now
} catch(Exception $e) {

    trigger_error(sprintf(
        'Curl failed with error #%d: %s',
        $e->getCode(), $e->getMessage()),
        E_USER_ERROR);
}

如需更多信息,请查看-

旋度 旋度函数

Php curl类(GET,POST,文件上传,会话,发送POST JSON,强制自签名SSL/TLS):

<?php
    // Php curl class
    class Curl {

        public $error;

        function __construct() {}

        function Get($url = "http://hostname.x/api.php?q=jabadoo&txt=gin", $forceSsl = false,$cookie = "", $session = true){
            // $url = $url . "?". http_build_query($data);
            $ch = curl_init();
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);        
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
            if($session){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, true );
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, 'cookies.txt');
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, 'cookies.txt');
            }
            if($forceSsl){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); // 1, 2
            }
            if(!empty($cookie)){            
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $cookie); // "token=12345"
            }
            $info = curl_getinfo($ch);
            $res = curl_exec($ch);        
            if (curl_error($ch)) {
                $this->error = curl_error($ch);
                throw new Exception($this->error);
            }else{
                curl_close($ch);
                return $res;
            }        
        }

        function GetArray($url = "http://hostname.x/api.php", $data = array("name" => "Max", "age" => "36"), $forceSsl = false, $cookie = "", $session = true){
            $url = $url . "?". http_build_query($data);
            $ch = curl_init();
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
            if($session){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, true );
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, 'cookies.txt');
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, 'cookies.txt');
            }
            if($forceSsl){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); // 1, 2
            }
            if(!empty($cookie)){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $cookie); // "token=12345"
            }
            $info = curl_getinfo($ch);
            $res = curl_exec($ch);        
            if (curl_error($ch)) {
                $this->error = curl_error($ch);
                throw new Exception($this->error);
            }else{
                curl_close($ch);
                return $res;
            }        
        }

        function PostJson($url = "http://hostname.x/api.php", $data = array("name" => "Max", "age" => "36"), $forceSsl = false, $cookie = "", $session = true){
            $data = json_encode($data);
            $ch = curl_init($url);                                                                      
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "POST");
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);                                                                  
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
            if($session){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, true );
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, 'cookies.txt');
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, 'cookies.txt');
            }
            if($forceSsl){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); // 1, 2
            }
            if(!empty($cookie)){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $cookie); // "token=12345"
            }
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array(
                'Authorization: Bearer helo29dasd8asd6asnav7ffa',                                                      
                'Content-Type: application/json',                                                                                
                'Content-Length: ' . strlen($data))                                                                       
            );        
            $res = curl_exec($ch);
            if (curl_error($ch)) {
                $this->error = curl_error($ch);
                throw new Exception($this->error);
            }else{
                curl_close($ch);
                return $res;
            } 
        }

        function Post($url = "http://hostname.x/api.php", $data = array("name" => "Max", "age" => "36"), $files = array('ads/ads0.jpg', 'ads/ads1.jpg'), $forceSsl = false, $cookie = "", $session = true){
            foreach ($files as $k => $v) {
                $f = realpath($v);
                if(file_exists($f)){
                    $fc = new CurlFile($f, mime_content_type($f), basename($f)); 
                    $data["file[".$k."]"] = $fc;
                }
            }
            $ch = curl_init();
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "POST");        
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);    
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SAFE_UPLOAD, false); // !!!! required as of PHP 5.6.0 for files !!!
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-GB; rv:1.9.2) Gecko/20100115 Firefox/3.6 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)");
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
            if($session){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, true );
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, 'cookies.txt');
                curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, 'cookies.txt');
            }
            if($forceSsl){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); // 1, 2
            }
            if(!empty($cookie)){
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $cookie); // "token=12345"
            }
            $res = curl_exec($ch);
            if (curl_error($ch)) {
                $this->error = curl_error($ch);
                throw new Exception($this->error);
            }else{
                curl_close($ch);
                return $res;
            } 
        }
    }
?>

例子:

<?php
    $urlget = "http://hostname.x/api.php?id=123&user=bax";
    $url = "http://hostname.x/api.php";
    $data = array("name" => "Max", "age" => "36");
    $files = array('ads/ads0.jpg', 'ads/ads1.jpg');

    $curl = new Curl();
    echo $curl->Get($urlget, true, "token=12345");
    echo $curl->GetArray($url, $data, true);
    echo $curl->Post($url, $data, $files, true);
    echo $curl->PostJson($url, $data, true);
?>

Php文件:api.php

<?php
    /*
    $Cookie = session_get_cookie_params();
    print_r($Cookie);
    */
    session_set_cookie_params(9000, '/', 'hostname.x', isset($_SERVER["HTTPS"]), true);
    session_start();

    $_SESSION['cnt']++;
    echo "Session count: " . $_SESSION['cnt']. "\r\n";
    echo $json = file_get_contents('php://input');
    $arr = json_decode($json, true);
    echo "<pre>";
    if(!empty($json)){ print_r($arr); }
    if(!empty($_GET)){ print_r($_GET); }
    if(!empty($_POST)){ print_r($_POST); }
    if(!empty($_FILES)){ print_r($_FILES); }
    // request headers
    print_r(getallheaders());
    print_r(apache_response_headers());
    // Fetch a list of headers to be sent.
    // print_r(headers_list());
?>