在PHP中，我在许多PHP项目中都看到了cURL这个词。是什么?它是如何工作的?
参考链接:cURL
当前回答
首先让我们了解curl、libcurl和PHP/ curl的概念。
curl: A command line tool for getting or sending files using URL syntax. libcurl: a library created by Daniel Stenberg, that allows you to connect and communicate to many different types of servers with many different types of protocols. libcurl currently supports the http, https, ftp, gopher, telnet, dict, file, and ldap protocols. libcurl also supports HTTPS certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading (this can also be done with PHP's ftp extension), HTTP form based upload, proxies, cookies, and user+password authentication. PHP/cURL: The module for PHP that makes it possible for PHP programs to use libcurl.
如何使用:
step1:使用curl_init()初始化一个curl会话。
step2:设置CURLOPT_URL的选项。这个值就是我们将请求发送到的URL。使用参数“q=”附加搜索词“curl”。设置选项CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true将告诉curl返回字符串而不是打印出来。设置CURLOPT_HEADER的选项，false将告诉curl忽略返回值中的报头。
step3:使用curl_exec()执行curl会话。
关闭我们创建的curl会话。
step5:输出返回字符串。
制作演示:
您需要创建两个PHP文件，并将它们放入web服务器可以从中提供PHP文件的文件夹中。在我的例子中，为了简单起见，我将它们放在/var/www/中。
1. Helloservice.php和2。demo.php
Helloservice.php非常简单，本质上只是回显它得到的任何数据:
<?php
// Here is the data we will be sending to the service
$some_data = array(
'message' => 'Hello World',
'name' => 'Anand'
);
$curl = curl_init();
// You can also set the URL you want to communicate with by doing this:
// $curl = curl_init('http://localhost/echoservice');
// We POST the data
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
// Set the url path we want to call
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://localhost/demo.php');
// Make it so the data coming back is put into a string
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
// Insert the data
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $some_data);
// You can also bunch the above commands into an array if you choose using: curl_setopt_array
// Send the request
$result = curl_exec($curl);
// Get some cURL session information back
$info = curl_getinfo($curl);
echo 'content type: ' . $info['content_type'] . '<br />';
echo 'http code: ' . $info['http_code'] . '<br />';
// Free up the resources $curl is using
curl_close($curl);
echo $result;
?>
2.demo.php页面，你可以看到结果:
<?php
print_r($_POST);
//content type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
//http code: 200
//Array ( [message] => Hello World [name] => Anand )
?>
其他回答
cURL是一种从代码中命中URL以获得html响应的方法。cURL的意思是客户端URL，它允许你与其他URL连接，并在你的代码中使用它们的响应。
CURL在PHP中:
简介:
PHP中的curl_exec命令是一个从控制台使用curl的桥梁。curl_exec可以轻松快速地执行GET/POST请求，接收来自其他服务器的响应，如JSON和下载文件。
警告,危险:
curl is evil and dangerous if used improperly because it is all about getting data from out there in the internet. Someone can get between your curl and the other server and inject a rm -rf / into your response, and then why am I dropped to a console and ls -l doesn't even work anymore? Because you mis underestimated the dangerous power of curl. Don't trust anything that comes back from curl to be safe, even if you are talking to your own servers. You could be pulling back malware to relieve fools of their wealth.
例子:
这些都是在Ubuntu 12.10上完成的
Basic curl from the commandline: el@apollo:/home/el$ curl http://i.imgur.com/4rBHtSm.gif > mycat.gif % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 492k 100 492k 0 0 1077k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 1240k Then you can open up your gif in firefox: firefox mycat.gif Glorious cats evolving Toxoplasma gondii to cause women to keep cats around and men likewise to keep the women around. cURL example get request to hit google.com, echo to the commandline: This is done through the phpsh terminal: php> $ch = curl_init(); php> curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.google.com'); php> curl_exec($ch); Which prints and dumps a mess of condensed html and javascript (from google) to the console. cURL example put the response text into a variable: This is done through the phpsh terminal: php> $ch = curl_init(); php> curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://i.imgur.com/wtQ6yZR.gif'); php> curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); php> $contents = curl_exec($ch); php> echo $contents; The variable now contains the binary which is an animated gif of a cat, possibilities are infinite. Do a curl from within a PHP file: Put this code in a file called myphp.php: <?php $curl_handle=curl_init(); curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_URL,'http://www.google.com'); curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT,2); curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1); $buffer = curl_exec($curl_handle); curl_close($curl_handle); if (empty($buffer)){ print "Nothing returned from url.<p>"; } else{ print $buffer; } ?> Then run it via commandline: php < myphp.php You ran myphp.php and executed those commands through the php interpreter and dumped a ton of messy html and javascript to screen. You can do GET and POST requests with curl, all you do is specify the parameters as defined here: Using curl to automate HTTP jobs
危险提示:
小心倾倒卷曲输出，如果其中任何一个被解释和执行，你的盒子被拥有，你的信用卡信息将被卖给第三方，你会从阿拉巴马州的一个人地板公司那里得到900美元的神秘费用，这个公司是海外信用卡欺诈犯罪团伙的前线。
Php curl类(GET,POST，文件上传，会话，发送POST JSON，强制自签名SSL/TLS):
<?php
// Php curl class
class Curl {
public $error;
function __construct() {}
function Get($url = "http://hostname.x/api.php?q=jabadoo&txt=gin", $forceSsl = false,$cookie = "", $session = true){
// $url = $url . "?". http_build_query($data);
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
if($session){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, true );
curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, 'cookies.txt');
curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, 'cookies.txt');
}
if($forceSsl){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); // 1, 2
}
if(!empty($cookie)){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $cookie); // "token=12345"
}
$info = curl_getinfo($ch);
$res = curl_exec($ch);
if (curl_error($ch)) {
$this->error = curl_error($ch);
throw new Exception($this->error);
}else{
curl_close($ch);
return $res;
}
}
function GetArray($url = "http://hostname.x/api.php", $data = array("name" => "Max", "age" => "36"), $forceSsl = false, $cookie = "", $session = true){
$url = $url . "?". http_build_query($data);
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
if($session){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, true );
curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, 'cookies.txt');
curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, 'cookies.txt');
}
if($forceSsl){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); // 1, 2
}
if(!empty($cookie)){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $cookie); // "token=12345"
}
$info = curl_getinfo($ch);
$res = curl_exec($ch);
if (curl_error($ch)) {
$this->error = curl_error($ch);
throw new Exception($this->error);
}else{
curl_close($ch);
return $res;
}
}
function PostJson($url = "http://hostname.x/api.php", $data = array("name" => "Max", "age" => "36"), $forceSsl = false, $cookie = "", $session = true){
$data = json_encode($data);
$ch = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "POST");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
if($session){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, true );
curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, 'cookies.txt');
curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, 'cookies.txt');
}
if($forceSsl){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); // 1, 2
}
if(!empty($cookie)){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $cookie); // "token=12345"
}
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array(
'Authorization: Bearer helo29dasd8asd6asnav7ffa',
'Content-Type: application/json',
'Content-Length: ' . strlen($data))
);
$res = curl_exec($ch);
if (curl_error($ch)) {
$this->error = curl_error($ch);
throw new Exception($this->error);
}else{
curl_close($ch);
return $res;
}
}
function Post($url = "http://hostname.x/api.php", $data = array("name" => "Max", "age" => "36"), $files = array('ads/ads0.jpg', 'ads/ads1.jpg'), $forceSsl = false, $cookie = "", $session = true){
foreach ($files as $k => $v) {
$f = realpath($v);
if(file_exists($f)){
$fc = new CurlFile($f, mime_content_type($f), basename($f));
$data["file[".$k."]"] = $fc;
}
}
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "POST");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SAFE_UPLOAD, false); // !!!! required as of PHP 5.6.0 for files !!!
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-GB; rv:1.9.2) Gecko/20100115 Firefox/3.6 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
if($session){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, true );
curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, 'cookies.txt');
curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, 'cookies.txt');
}
if($forceSsl){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); // 1, 2
}
if(!empty($cookie)){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $cookie); // "token=12345"
}
$res = curl_exec($ch);
if (curl_error($ch)) {
$this->error = curl_error($ch);
throw new Exception($this->error);
}else{
curl_close($ch);
return $res;
}
}
}
?>
例子:
<?php
$urlget = "http://hostname.x/api.php?id=123&user=bax";
$url = "http://hostname.x/api.php";
$data = array("name" => "Max", "age" => "36");
$files = array('ads/ads0.jpg', 'ads/ads1.jpg');
$curl = new Curl();
echo $curl->Get($urlget, true, "token=12345");
echo $curl->GetArray($url, $data, true);
echo $curl->Post($url, $data, $files, true);
echo $curl->PostJson($url, $data, true);
?>
Php文件:api.php
<?php
/*
$Cookie = session_get_cookie_params();
print_r($Cookie);
*/
session_set_cookie_params(9000, '/', 'hostname.x', isset($_SERVER["HTTPS"]), true);
session_start();
$_SESSION['cnt']++;
echo "Session count: " . $_SESSION['cnt']. "\r\n";
echo $json = file_get_contents('php://input');
$arr = json_decode($json, true);
echo "<pre>";
if(!empty($json)){ print_r($arr); }
if(!empty($_GET)){ print_r($_GET); }
if(!empty($_POST)){ print_r($_POST); }
if(!empty($_FILES)){ print_r($_FILES); }
// request headers
print_r(getallheaders());
print_r(apache_response_headers());
// Fetch a list of headers to be sent.
// print_r(headers_list());
?>
cURL扩展到PHP的目的是让你从你的PHP脚本中使用各种web资源。
cURL是一种从代码中命中URL以从中获得HTML响应的方法。它用于PHP语言的命令行cURL。
<?php
// Step 1
$cSession = curl_init();
// Step 2
curl_setopt($cSession,CURLOPT_URL,"http://www.google.com/search?q=curl");
curl_setopt($cSession,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,true);
curl_setopt($cSession,CURLOPT_HEADER, false);
// Step 3
$result=curl_exec($cSession);
// Step 4
curl_close($cSession);
// Step 5
echo $result;
?>
步骤1:使用curl_init()初始化一个curl会话。
步骤2:设置CURLOPT_URL的选项。这个值就是我们将请求发送到的URL。使用参数q=追加搜索词curl。设置CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER选项。True会告诉curl返回字符串，而不是打印出来。设置CURLOPT_HEADER的选项，false将告诉curl忽略返回值中的报头。
步骤3:使用curl_exec()执行curl会话。
步骤4:关闭我们创建的curl会话。
步骤5:输出返回字符串。
public function curlCall($apiurl, $auth, $rflag)
{
$ch = curl_init($apiurl);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
if($auth == 'auth') {
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "passw:passw");
} else {
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "ss:ss1");
}
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
$dt = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
if($rflag != 1) {
$dt = json_decode($dt,true);
}
return $dt;
}
这也用于身份验证。我们还可以设置用户名和密码进行身份验证。
要了解更多功能，请参阅用户手册或以下教程:
http://php.net/manual/en/ref.curl.php http://www.startutorial.com/articles/view/php-curl
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