是否有一个内置函数,工作类似zip(),但将填充结果,使结果列表的长度是最长的输入而不是最短的输入的长度?

>>> a = ['a1']
>>> b = ['b1', 'b2', 'b3']
>>> c = ['c1', 'c2']

>>> zip(a, b, c)
[('a1', 'b1', 'c1')]

>>> What command goes here?
[('a1', 'b1', 'c1'), (None, 'b2', 'c2'), (None, 'b3', None)]

当前回答

为了补充已经给出的答案,以下内容适用于任何可迭代对象,不使用itertools,回答@ProdIssue的问题:

def zip_longest(*iterables, default_value):
    iterators = tuple(iter(i) for i in iterables)
    sentinel = object()
    while True:
        new = tuple(next(i, sentinel) for i in iterators)
        if all(n is sentinel for n in new):
            return
        yield tuple(default_value if n is sentinel else n for n in new)

需要使用sentinel,以便产生default_value的迭代器不会被错误地标识为空。

其他回答

non itertools Python 3 解决方案:

def zip_longest(*lists):
    def g(l):
        for item in l:
            yield item
        while True:
            yield None
    gens = [g(l) for l in lists]    
    for _ in range(max(map(len, lists))):
        yield tuple(next(g) for g in gens)

为了补充已经给出的答案,以下内容适用于任何可迭代对象,不使用itertools,回答@ProdIssue的问题:

def zip_longest(*iterables, default_value):
    iterators = tuple(iter(i) for i in iterables)
    sentinel = object()
    while True:
        new = tuple(next(i, sentinel) for i in iterators)
        if all(n is sentinel for n in new):
            return
        yield tuple(default_value if n is sentinel else n for n in new)

需要使用sentinel,以便产生default_value的迭代器不会被错误地标识为空。

在Python 3中,您可以使用itertools.zip_longest

>>> list(itertools.zip_longest(a, b, c))
[('a1', 'b1', 'c1'), (None, 'b2', 'c2'), (None, 'b3', None)]

你可以使用fillvalue参数填充不同于None的值:

>>> list(itertools.zip_longest(a, b, c, fillvalue='foo'))
[('a1', 'b1', 'c1'), ('foo', 'b2', 'c2'), ('foo', 'b3', 'foo')]

在Python 2中,你可以使用itertools。izip_longest (Python 2.6+),或者可以使用map和None。这是map的一个鲜为人知的特性(但是map在Python 3中改变了。x,所以这只适用于Python 2.x)。

>>> map(None, a, b, c)
[('a1', 'b1', 'c1'), (None, 'b2', 'c2'), (None, 'b3', None)]

除了接受的答案外,如果你使用的可迭代对象可能长度不同,但不应该是,建议将strict=True传递给zip()(自Python 3.10起支持)。

引用文件:

zip() is often used in cases where the iterables are assumed to be of equal length. In such cases, it’s recommended to use the strict=True option. Its output is the same as regular zip(): >>> list(zip(('a', 'b', 'c'), (1, 2, 3), strict=True)) [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)] Unlike the default behavior, it checks that the lengths of iterables are identical, raising a ValueError if they aren’t: >>> list(zip(range(3), ['fee', 'fi', 'fo', 'fum'], strict=True)) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: zip() argument 2 is longer than argument 1 Without the strict=True argument, any bug that results in iterables of different lengths will be silenced, possibly manifesting as a hard-to-find bug in another part of the program.

我使用一个2d数组,但概念是类似的使用python 2.x:

if len(set([len(p) for p in printer])) > 1:
    printer = [column+['']*(max([len(p) for p in printer])-len(column)) for column in printer]