的值加上0.5，可以“欺骗”int()使其舍入而不是舍入 传递给int()的数字。

对于整数和Python 3:

def divround_down(value, step):
    return value//step*step


def divround_up(value, step):
    return (value+step-1)//step*step

生产:

>>> [divround_down(x,5) for x in range(20)]
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15]
>>> [divround_up(x,5) for x in range(20)]
[0, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 20, 20, 20, 20]

的值加上0.5，可以“欺骗”int()使其舍入而不是舍入 传递给int()的数字。

def round_up_to_base(x, base=10):
    return x + (base - x) % base

def round_down_to_base(x, base=10):
    return x - (x % base)

这给了

基础= 5:

>>> [i for i in range(20)]
[0, 1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]

>>> [round_down_to_base(x=i, base=5) for i in range(20)]
[0, 0,  0,  0,  0,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15]

>>> [round_up_to_base(x=i, base=5) for i in range(20)]
[0, 5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 20, 20, 20, 20]

基础= 10:

>>> [i for i in range(20)]
[0, 1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]

>>> [round_down_to_base(x=i, base=10) for i in range(20)]
[0, 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10]

>>> [round_up_to_base(x=i, base=10) for i in range(20)]
[0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20]

在Python 3.7.9中测试

另一种方法(不需要显式的乘法或除法运算符):

def rnd(x, b=5):
    return round(x + min(-(x % b), b - (x % b), key=abs))

舍入到非整数值，例如0.05:

def myround(x, prec=2, base=.05):
  return round(base * round(float(x)/base),prec)

我发现这很有用，因为我只需要在代码中进行搜索和替换，就可以将“round(”更改为“myround(”，而不必更改参数值。