Node.js 10.5+支持工作线程作为实验特性(你可以使用——experimental-worker flag enabled): https://nodejs.org/api/worker_threads.html

所以，规则是:

如果你需要做I/O绑定操作，那么使用内部机制(即callback/promise/async-await) 如果你需要做CPU绑定的操作，那么使用工作线程。

工作线程是长期存在的线程，这意味着生成一个后台线程，然后通过消息传递与它通信。

否则，如果需要使用匿名函数执行较重的CPU负载，则可以使用https://github.com/wilk/microjob，这是一个围绕工作线程构建的小型库。

然而，你可以使用eval函数在一定程度上带来并发性

/* content of the threads to be run */
var threads = [
        [
            "document.write('Foo <br/>');",
            "document.write('Foo <br/>');",
            "document.write('Foo <br/>');",
            "document.write('Foo <br/>');",
            "document.write('Foo <br/>');",
            "document.write('Foo <br/>');",
            "document.write('Foo <br/>');",
            "document.write('Foo <br/>');",
            "document.write('Foo <br/>');",
            "document.write('Foo <br/>');"
        ],
        [
            "document.write('Bar <br/>');",
            "document.write('Bar <br/>');",
            "document.write('Bar <br/>');",
            "document.write('Bar <br/>');",
            "document.write('Bar <br/>');",
            "document.write('Bar <br/>');",
            "document.write('Bar <br/>');",
            "document.write('Bar <br/>');",
            "document.write('Bar <br/>');"
        ]
    ];

window.onload = function() {
    var lines = 0, quantum = 3, max = 0;

    /* get the longer thread length */
    for(var i=0; i<threads.length; i++) {
        if(max < threads[i].length) {
            max = threads[i].length;
        }
    }

    /* execute them */
    while(lines < max) {
        for(var i=0; i<threads.length; i++) {
            for(var j = lines; j < threads[i].length && j < (lines + quantum); j++) {
                eval(threads[i][j]);
            }
        }
        lines += quantum;
    }
}

正如matt b所说，这个问题不是很清楚。假设您正在询问语言中的多线程支持:因为目前在浏览器中运行的99.999%的应用程序都不需要多线程。如果你真的需要它，有一些变通方法(比如使用window.setTimeout)。

一般来说，多线程是非常，非常，非常，非常，非常，非常，很难(我说过它很难吗?)，除非你加入额外的限制(比如只使用不可变数据)。

传统上，JS是为简短、快速运行的代码而设计的。如果你需要进行重要的计算，你就需要在服务器上进行——让一个JS+HTML应用程序长时间运行在你的浏览器中做一些重要的事情是荒谬的。

Of course, now we have that. But, it'll take a bit for browsers to catch up - most of them have been designed around a single-threaded model, and changing that is not easy. Google Gears side-steps a lot of potential problems by requiring that background execution is isolated - no changing the DOM (since that's not thread-safe), no accessing objects created by the main thread (ditto). While restrictive, this will likely be the most practical design for the near future, both because it simplifies the design of the browser, and because it reduces the risk involved in allowing inexperienced JS coders mess around with threads...

@marcio:

为什么不使用Javascript实现多线程呢?程序员可以用他们拥有的工具做任何他们想做的事情。

So then, let's not give them tools that are so easy to misuse that every other website i open ends up crashing my browser. A naive implementation of this would bring you straight into the territory that caused MS so many headaches during IE7 development: add-on authors played fast and loose with the threading model, resulting in hidden bugs that became evident when object lifecycles changed on the primary thread. BAD. If you're writing multi-threaded ActiveX add-ons for IE, i guess it comes with the territory; doesn't mean it needs to go any further than that.

如果没有适当的语言支持线程同步，那么新的实现尝试线程同步就没有意义了。现有的复杂JS应用(例如任何使用ExtJS的应用)很可能会意外崩溃，但如果没有同步关键字或类似的东西，也很难甚至不可能编写正确运行的新程序。

JavaScript不支持多线程，因为浏览器中的JavaScript解释器是一个单线程(AFAIK)。即使谷歌Chrome也不会让单个网页的JavaScript同时运行，因为这会导致现有网页的大量并发问题。Chrome所做的只是将多个组件(不同的选项卡、插件等)分离到单独的进程中，但我无法想象一个页面有多个JavaScript线程。

You can however use, as was suggested, setTimeout to allow some sort of scheduling and “fake” concurrency. This causes the browser to regain control of the rendering thread, and start the JavaScript code supplied to setTimeout after the given number of milliseconds. This is very useful if you want to allow the viewport (what you see) to refresh while performing operations on it. Just looping through e.g. coordinates and updating an element accordingly will just let you see the start and end positions, and nothing in between.

我们在JavaScript中使用了一个抽象库，它允许我们创建进程和线程，它们都由同一个JavaScript解释器管理。这允许我们以以下方式运行操作:

进程A，线程1 进程A，线程2 进程B，线程1 进程A，线程3 进程A，线程4 进程B，线程2 暂停进程A 进程B，线程3 进程B，线程4 进程B，线程5 启动流程A 进程A，线程5

这允许某种形式的调度和伪并行，线程的启动和停止等等，但它不是真正的多线程。我不认为它会在语言本身中实现，因为真正的多线程只有在浏览器可以运行单页多线程(甚至不止一个核心)时才有用，而且那里的困难比额外的可能性要大得多。

关于JavaScript的未来，看看这个: https://developer.mozilla.org/presentations/xtech2006/javascript/