我有一个类，叫它Book，它的属性叫Name。有了这个属性，我就有了一个与之关联的属性。
public class Book
{
[Author("AuthorName")]
public string Name
{
get; private set;
}
}
在我的主要方法中，我使用反射，并希望获得每个属性的每个属性的键值对。因此，在本例中，我希望看到属性名为“Author”，属性值为“AuthorName”。
问:如何使用反射获取属性上的属性名和值?
当前回答
如果你只想要一个特定的属性值，例如Display Attribute，你可以使用以下代码:
var pInfo = typeof(Book).GetProperty("Name")
.GetCustomAttribute<DisplayAttribute>();
var name = pInfo.Name;
其他回答
我已经通过编写一个通用扩展属性属性助手解决了类似的问题:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Reflection;
public static class AttributeHelper
{
public static TValue GetPropertyAttributeValue<T, TOut, TAttribute, TValue>(
Expression<Func<T, TOut>> propertyExpression,
Func<TAttribute, TValue> valueSelector)
where TAttribute : Attribute
{
var expression = (MemberExpression) propertyExpression.Body;
var propertyInfo = (PropertyInfo) expression.Member;
var attr = propertyInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(TAttribute), true).FirstOrDefault() as TAttribute;
return attr != null ? valueSelector(attr) : default(TValue);
}
}
用法:
var author = AttributeHelper.GetPropertyAttributeValue<Book, string, AuthorAttribute, string>(prop => prop.Name, attr => attr.Author);
// author = "AuthorName"
private static Dictionary<string, string> GetAuthors()
{
return typeof(Book).GetProperties()
.SelectMany(prop => prop.GetCustomAttributes())
.OfType<AuthorAttribute>()
.ToDictionary(a => a.GetType().Name.Replace("Attribute", ""), a => a.Name);
}
使用泛型的示例(目标框架4.5)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
private static Dictionary<string, string> GetAttribute<TAttribute, TType>(
Func<TAttribute, string> valueFunc)
where TAttribute : Attribute
{
return typeof(TType).GetProperties()
.SelectMany(p => p.GetCustomAttributes())
.OfType<TAttribute>()
.ToDictionary(a => a.GetType().Name.Replace("Attribute", ""), valueFunc);
}
使用
var dictionary = GetAttribute<AuthorAttribute, Book>(a => a.Name);
如果你的意思是“对于带有一个参数的属性，列出属性名称和参数值”，那么在。net 4.5中通过CustomAttributeData API会更容易:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Reflection;
public static class Program
{
static void Main()
{
PropertyInfo prop = typeof(Foo).GetProperty("Bar");
var vals = GetPropertyAttributes(prop);
// has: DisplayName = "abc", Browsable = false
}
public static Dictionary<string, object> GetPropertyAttributes(PropertyInfo property)
{
Dictionary<string, object> attribs = new Dictionary<string, object>();
// look for attributes that takes one constructor argument
foreach (CustomAttributeData attribData in property.GetCustomAttributesData())
{
if(attribData.ConstructorArguments.Count == 1)
{
string typeName = attribData.Constructor.DeclaringType.Name;
if (typeName.EndsWith("Attribute")) typeName = typeName.Substring(0, typeName.Length - 9);
attribs[typeName] = attribData.ConstructorArguments[0].Value;
}
}
return attribs;
}
}
class Foo
{
[DisplayName("abc")]
[Browsable(false)]
public string Bar { get; set; }
}
要获取一个属性在字典中的所有属性，请使用以下命令:
typeof(Book)
.GetProperty("Name")
.GetCustomAttributes(false)
.ToDictionary(a => a.GetType().Name, a => a);
如果您还想包含继承的属性，请记住从false更改为true。
我把它写进一个动态方法中，因为我在整个应用程序中使用了很多属性。方法:
public static dynamic GetAttribute(Type objectType, string propertyName, Type attrType)
{
//get the property
var property = objectType.GetProperty(propertyName);
//check for object relation
return property.GetCustomAttributes().FirstOrDefault(x => x.GetType() == attrType);
}
用法:
var objectRelAttr = GetAttribute(typeof(Person), "Country", typeof(ObjectRelationAttribute));
var displayNameAttr = GetAttribute(typeof(Product), "Category", typeof(DisplayNameAttribute));
希望这对大家有所帮助
