我有一个类，叫它Book，它的属性叫Name。有了这个属性，我就有了一个与之关联的属性。
public class Book
{
[Author("AuthorName")]
public string Name
{
get; private set;
}
}
在我的主要方法中，我使用反射，并希望获得每个属性的每个属性的键值对。因此，在本例中，我希望看到属性名为“Author”，属性值为“AuthorName”。
问:如何使用反射获取属性上的属性名和值?
当前回答
如果你只想要一个特定的属性值，例如Display Attribute，你可以使用以下代码:
var pInfo = typeof(Book).GetProperty("Name")
.GetCustomAttribute<DisplayAttribute>();
var name = pInfo.Name;
其他回答
只是在找合适的地方放这段代码。
假设你有以下属性:
[Display(Name = "Solar Radiation (Average)", ShortName = "SolarRadiationAvg")]
public int SolarRadiationAvgSensorId { get; set; }
你想要得到ShortName值。你可以:
((DisplayAttribute)(typeof(SensorsModel).GetProperty(SolarRadiationAvgSensorId).GetCustomAttribute(typeof(DisplayAttribute)))).ShortName;
或者泛指:
internal static string GetPropertyAttributeShortName(string propertyName)
{
return ((DisplayAttribute)(typeof(SensorsModel).GetProperty(propertyName).GetCustomAttribute(typeof(DisplayAttribute)))).ShortName;
}
public static class PropertyInfoExtensions
{
public static TValue GetAttributValue<TAttribute, TValue>(this PropertyInfo prop, Func<TAttribute, TValue> value) where TAttribute : Attribute
{
var att = prop.GetCustomAttributes(
typeof(TAttribute), true
).FirstOrDefault() as TAttribute;
if (att != null)
{
return value(att);
}
return default(TValue);
}
}
用法:
//get class properties with attribute [AuthorAttribute]
var props = typeof(Book).GetProperties().Where(prop => Attribute.IsDefined(prop, typeof(AuthorAttribute)));
foreach (var prop in props)
{
string value = prop.GetAttributValue((AuthorAttribute a) => a.Name);
}
or:
//get class properties with attribute [AuthorAttribute]
var props = typeof(Book).GetProperties().Where(prop => Attribute.IsDefined(prop, typeof(AuthorAttribute)));
IList<string> values = props.Select(prop => prop.GetAttributValue((AuthorAttribute a) => a.Name)).Where(attr => attr != null).ToList();
要获取一个属性在字典中的所有属性，请使用以下命令:
typeof(Book)
.GetProperty("Name")
.GetCustomAttributes(false)
.ToDictionary(a => a.GetType().Name, a => a);
如果您还想包含继承的属性，请记住从false更改为true。
private static Dictionary<string, string> GetAuthors()
{
return typeof(Book).GetProperties()
.SelectMany(prop => prop.GetCustomAttributes())
.OfType<AuthorAttribute>()
.ToDictionary(a => a.GetType().Name.Replace("Attribute", ""), a => a.Name);
}
使用泛型的示例(目标框架4.5)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
private static Dictionary<string, string> GetAttribute<TAttribute, TType>(
Func<TAttribute, string> valueFunc)
where TAttribute : Attribute
{
return typeof(TType).GetProperties()
.SelectMany(p => p.GetCustomAttributes())
.OfType<TAttribute>()
.ToDictionary(a => a.GetType().Name.Replace("Attribute", ""), valueFunc);
}
使用
var dictionary = GetAttribute<AuthorAttribute, Book>(a => a.Name);
我已经通过编写一个通用扩展属性属性助手解决了类似的问题:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Reflection;
public static class AttributeHelper
{
public static TValue GetPropertyAttributeValue<T, TOut, TAttribute, TValue>(
Expression<Func<T, TOut>> propertyExpression,
Func<TAttribute, TValue> valueSelector)
where TAttribute : Attribute
{
var expression = (MemberExpression) propertyExpression.Body;
var propertyInfo = (PropertyInfo) expression.Member;
var attr = propertyInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(TAttribute), true).FirstOrDefault() as TAttribute;
return attr != null ? valueSelector(attr) : default(TValue);
}
}
用法:
var author = AttributeHelper.GetPropertyAttributeValue<Book, string, AuthorAttribute, string>(prop => prop.Name, attr => attr.Author);
// author = "AuthorName"
