Pig-latin is data flow style, is more suitable for software engineer. While sql is more suitable for analytics person who are get used to sql. For complex task, for hive you have to manually to create temporary table to store intermediate data, but it is not necessary for pig. Pig-latin is suitable for complicated data structure( like small graph). There's a data structure in pig called DataBag which is a collection of Tuple. Sometimes you need to calculate metrics which involve multiple tuples ( there's a hidden link between tuples, in this case I would call it graph). In this case, it is very easy to write a UDF to calculate the metrics which involve multiple tuples. Of course it could be done in hive, but it is not so convenient as it is in pig. Writing UDF in pig much is easier than in Hive in my opinion. Pig has no metadata support, (or it is optional, in future it may integrate hcatalog). Hive has tables' metadata stored in database. You can debug pig script in local environment, but it would be hard for hive to do that. The reason is point 3. You need to set up hive metadata in your local environment, very time consuming.

Hive的设计是为了吸引一个熟悉SQL的社区。它的哲学是我们不需要另一种脚本语言。Hive支持用户选择语言的map和reduce转换脚本(可以嵌入到SQL子句中)。它在Facebook上被熟悉SQL的分析人员以及使用Python编程的数据挖掘人员广泛使用。在Pig中SQL兼容性的努力已经被放弃了，所以这两个项目之间的区别是非常明显的。

支持SQL语法也意味着它可以与现有的BI工具(如Microstrategy)集成。Hive有一个ODBC/JDBC驱动程序(这是一个正在进行的工作)，应该可以在不久的将来实现这一点。它还开始添加对索引的支持，这应该允许支持在这种环境中常见的向下钻取查询。

最后——这与问题无关——Hive是一个执行分析查询的框架。虽然它的主要用途是查询平面文件，但它没有理由不能查询其他存储。目前，Hive可以用于查询存储在Hbase中的数据(它是一个键值存储，就像大多数RDBMS内部的键值存储一样)，HadoopDB项目已经使用Hive来查询联邦RDBMS层。

我相信你的问题的真正答案是，它们是/是独立的项目，没有集中协调的目标。他们在早期处于不同的空间，随着两个项目的扩展，随着时间的推移逐渐重叠。

摘自Hadoop O'Reilly的书:

Pig:一种数据流语言 探索环境非常大 数据集。 Hive:分布式数据仓库

从链接: http://www.aptibook.com/discuss-technical?uid=tech-hive4&question=What-kind-of-datawarehouse-application-is-suitable-for-Hive?

Hive不是一个完整的数据库。Hadoop和HDFS的设计约束和局限性限制了Hive的功能。

Hive最适合数据仓库应用，其中

1)分析相对静态的数据，

2)不需要快速响应时间，并且

3)当数据变化不迅速时。

Hive没有提供OLTP(在线事务处理)所需的关键特性。它更接近于OLAP工具，在线分析处理。 因此，Hive最适合数据仓库应用程序，其中维护和挖掘大型数据集以获得见解、报告等。

在这个链接中阅读PIG和HIVE的区别。

http://www.aptibook.com/Articles/Pig-and-hive-advantages-disadvantages-features

给出了所有的方面。如果你不知道该选择哪个，那么你必须看看那个网页。

Pig-latin is data flow style, is more suitable for software engineer. While sql is more suitable for analytics person who are get used to sql. For complex task, for hive you have to manually to create temporary table to store intermediate data, but it is not necessary for pig. Pig-latin is suitable for complicated data structure( like small graph). There's a data structure in pig called DataBag which is a collection of Tuple. Sometimes you need to calculate metrics which involve multiple tuples ( there's a hidden link between tuples, in this case I would call it graph). In this case, it is very easy to write a UDF to calculate the metrics which involve multiple tuples. Of course it could be done in hive, but it is not so convenient as it is in pig. Writing UDF in pig much is easier than in Hive in my opinion. Pig has no metadata support, (or it is optional, in future it may integrate hcatalog). Hive has tables' metadata stored in database. You can debug pig script in local environment, but it would be hard for hive to do that. The reason is point 3. You need to set up hive metadata in your local environment, very time consuming.