我在一些文章和博客中看到了curry函数的引用,但我找不到一个好的解释(或者至少一个有意义的解释!)


当前回答

Curry可以简化代码。这是使用它的主要原因之一。curry是将一个接受n个参数的函数转换为n个只接受一个参数的函数的过程。

其原理是传递传递函数的参数,使用closure(闭包)属性,将它们存储在另一个函数中并将其作为返回值,这些函数形成一个链,最后的参数被传递进来完成操作。

这样做的好处是可以通过一次处理一个参数来简化参数的处理,也可以提高程序的灵活性和可读性。这也使程序更易于管理。此外,将代码分割成更小的片段将使其易于重用。

例如:

function curryMinus(x) 
{
  return function(y) 
  {
    return x - y;
  }
}

var minus5 = curryMinus(1);
minus5(3);
minus5(5);

我还可以做…

var minus7 = curryMinus(7);
minus7(3);
minus7(5);

这对于使复杂的代码变得整洁和处理非同步方法等非常有用。

其他回答

在这里,您可以找到c#中curry实现的简单解释。在评论中,我试图展示咖喱是如何有用的:

public static class FuncExtensions {
    public static Func<T1, Func<T2, TResult>> Curry<T1, T2, TResult>(this Func<T1, T2, TResult> func)
    {
        return x1 => x2 => func(x1, x2);
    }
}

//Usage
var add = new Func<int, int, int>((x, y) => x + y).Curry();
var func = add(1);

//Obtaining the next parameter here, calling later the func with next parameter.
//Or you can prepare some base calculations at the previous step and then
//use the result of those calculations when calling the func multiple times 
//with different input parameters.

int result = func(1);

如果你理解了部分,你就成功了一半。partial的思想是将参数预先应用到一个函数,并返回一个只需要剩余参数的新函数。当这个新函数被调用时,它包括预加载的参数以及提供给它的任何参数。

在Clojure +中是一个函数,但要明确一点:

(defn add [a b] (+ a b))

您可能已经意识到inc函数只是简单地将1加到它传递的任何数字上。

(inc 7) # => 8

让我们自己使用partial来构建它:

(def inc (partial add 1))

Here we return another function that has 1 loaded into the first argument of add. As add takes two arguments the new inc function wants only the b argument -- not 2 arguments as before since 1 has already been partially applied. Thus partial is a tool from which to create new functions with default values presupplied. That is why in a functional language functions often order arguments from general to specific. This makes it easier to reuse such functions from which to construct other functions.

现在想象一下,如果语言足够聪明,能够自省地理解add需要两个参数。当我们向它传递一个参数时,如果函数部分应用了我们代表它传递的参数,并理解我们可能打算稍后提供另一个参数呢?然后,我们可以在不显式使用partial的情况下定义inc。

(def inc (add 1)) #partial is implied

这是一些语言的表现方式。当希望将函数组合成更大的转换时,它特别有用。这将把人们引向传感器。

其他答案已经说明了curry是什么:向curry函数传递的参数比它预期的要少,这不是错误,而是返回一个函数,该函数预期其余的参数,并返回相同的结果,就好像您一次性将它们全部传入一样。

我会试着解释为什么它有用。这是一种你从未意识到你需要的工具,直到你真正使用它。curry首先是一种让你的程序更具表现力的方法——你可以用更少的代码把操作组合在一起。

For example, if you have a curried function add, you can write the equivalent of JS x => k + x (or Python lambda x: k + x or Ruby { |x| k + x } or Lisp (lambda (x) (+ k x)) or …) as just add(k). In Haskelll you can even use the operator: (k +) or (+ k) (The two forms let you curry either way for non-commutative operators: (/ 9) is a function that divides a number by 9, which is probably the more common use case, but you also have (9 /) for a function that divides 9 by its argument.) Besides being shorter, the curried version contains no made-up parameter name like the x found in all the other versions. It’s not needed. You’re defining a function that adds some constant k to a number, and you don’t need to give that number a name just to talk about the function. Or even to define it. This is an example of what’s called “point-free style”. You can combine operations together given nothing but the operations themselves. You don’t have to declare anonymous functions that do nothing but apply some operation to their argument, because *that’s what the operations already are.

当以咖喱友好的方式定义高阶函数时,这变得非常方便。例如,curried map(fn, list)让您定义一个只使用map(fn)的映射器,可以稍后将其应用于任何列表。但是将定义为map(list, fn)的映射curry化只能让您定义一个将其他函数应用到常量列表的函数,这在一般情况下可能不太有用。

Currying reduces the need for things like pipes and threading. In Clojure, you might define a temperature conversion function using the threading macro ->: (defn f2c (deg) (-> deg (- 32) (* 5) (/ 9)). That’s cool, it reads nicely left to right (“subtract 32, multiply by 5 and divide by 9.”) and you only have to mention the parameter twice instead of once for every suboperation… but it only works because -> is a macro that transforms the whole form syntactically before anything is evaluated. It turns into a regular nested expression behind the scenes: (/ (* (- deg 32) 5) 9). If the math ops were curried, you wouldn’t need a macro to combine them so nicely, as in Haskell let f2c = (subtract 32) & (* 5) & (/ 9). (Although it would admittedly be more idiomatic to use function composition, which reads right to left: (/ 9) . (* 5) . (subtract 32).)

同样,很难找到好的演示例子;在复杂的情况下,咖喱是最有用的,因为它确实有助于解决方案的可读性,但这些需要太多的解释才能让您理解问题,以至于关于咖喱的整个课程可能会淹没在噪音中。

下面是JavaScript中的一个curry示例,这里的multiply返回用于将x乘以2的函数。

const multiply = (presetConstant) => {
  return (x) => {
    return presetConstant * x;
  };
};

const multiplyByTwo = multiply(2);

// now multiplyByTwo is like below function & due to closure property in JavaScript it will always be able to access 'presetConstant' value
// const multiplyByTwo = (x) => {
//   return presetConstant * x;
// };

console.log(`multiplyByTwo(8) : ${multiplyByTwo(8)}`);

输出

multiplyByTwo(8): 16

这里有一个具体的例子:

假设你有一个计算作用在物体上的引力的函数。如果你不知道公式,你可以在这里找到。这个函数接受三个必要的形参作为参数。

现在,在地球上,你只想计算这个星球上物体的力。在函数式语言中,你可以把地球的质量传递给函数,然后对它进行部分计算。你会得到另一个函数,它只接受两个参数,并计算地球上物体的引力。这叫做咖喱。