Android设备有唯一的ID吗？如果有，使用Java访问它的简单方法是什么？
当前回答
我的两美分-注意，这是一个设备（错误）唯一ID，而不是Android开发者博客中讨论的安装ID。
值得注意的是，@emmby提供的解决方案在每个应用程序ID中都有所不同，因为SharedPreferences没有跨进程同步（请参阅此处和此处）。所以我完全避免了这一点。
相反，我封装了在枚举中获取（设备）ID的各种策略-更改枚举常量的顺序会影响获取ID的各种方式的优先级。返回第一个非空ID或抛出异常（根据不赋予空含义的良好Java实践）。例如，我先有一个TELEPHONY，但一个好的默认选择是ANDROID_ID贝塔：
import android.Manifest.permission;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
import android.provider.Settings.Secure;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import android.util.Log;
// TODO : hash
public final class DeviceIdentifier {
private DeviceIdentifier() {}
/** @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603 */
private static final String ANDROID_ID_BUG_MSG = "The device suffers from "
+ "the Android ID bug - its ID is the emulator ID : "
+ IDs.BUGGY_ANDROID_ID;
private static volatile String uuid; // volatile needed - see EJ item 71
// need lazy initialization to get a context
/**
* Returns a unique identifier for this device. The first (in the order the
* enums constants as defined in the IDs enum) non null identifier is
* returned or a DeviceIDException is thrown. A DeviceIDException is also
* thrown if ignoreBuggyAndroidID is false and the device has the Android ID
* bug
*
* @param ctx
* an Android constant (to retrieve system services)
* @param ignoreBuggyAndroidID
* if false, on a device with the android ID bug, the buggy
* android ID is not returned instead a DeviceIDException is
* thrown
* @return a *device* ID - null is never returned, instead a
* DeviceIDException is thrown
* @throws DeviceIDException
* if none of the enum methods manages to return a device ID
*/
public static String getDeviceIdentifier(Context ctx,
boolean ignoreBuggyAndroidID) throws DeviceIDException {
String result = uuid;
if (result == null) {
synchronized (DeviceIdentifier.class) {
result = uuid;
if (result == null) {
for (IDs id : IDs.values()) {
try {
result = uuid = id.getId(ctx);
} catch (DeviceIDNotUniqueException e) {
if (!ignoreBuggyAndroidID)
throw new DeviceIDException(e);
}
if (result != null) return result;
}
throw new DeviceIDException();
}
}
}
return result;
}
private static enum IDs {
TELEPHONY_ID {
@Override
String getId(Context ctx) {
// TODO : add a SIM based mechanism ? tm.getSimSerialNumber();
final TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) ctx
.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
if (tm == null) {
w("Telephony Manager not available");
return null;
}
assertPermission(ctx, permission.READ_PHONE_STATE);
return tm.getDeviceId();
}
},
ANDROID_ID {
@Override
String getId(Context ctx) throws DeviceIDException {
// no permission needed !
final String andoidId = Secure.getString(
ctx.getContentResolver(),
android.provider.Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
if (BUGGY_ANDROID_ID.equals(andoidId)) {
e(ANDROID_ID_BUG_MSG);
throw new DeviceIDNotUniqueException();
}
return andoidId;
}
},
WIFI_MAC {
@Override
String getId(Context ctx) {
WifiManager wm = (WifiManager) ctx
.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
if (wm == null) {
w("Wifi Manager not available");
return null;
}
assertPermission(ctx, permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE); // I guess
// getMacAddress() has no java doc !!!
return wm.getConnectionInfo().getMacAddress();
}
},
BLUETOOTH_MAC {
@Override
String getId(Context ctx) {
BluetoothAdapter ba = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (ba == null) {
w("Bluetooth Adapter not available");
return null;
}
assertPermission(ctx, permission.BLUETOOTH);
return ba.getAddress();
}
}
// TODO PSEUDO_ID
// http://www.pocketmagic.net/2011/02/android-unique-device-id/
;
static final String BUGGY_ANDROID_ID = "9774d56d682e549c";
private final static String TAG = IDs.class.getSimpleName();
abstract String getId(Context ctx) throws DeviceIDException;
private static void w(String msg) {
Log.w(TAG, msg);
}
private static void e(String msg) {
Log.e(TAG, msg);
}
}
private static void assertPermission(Context ctx, String perm) {
final int checkPermission = ctx.getPackageManager().checkPermission(
perm, ctx.getPackageName());
if (checkPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
throw new SecurityException("Permission " + perm + " is required");
}
}
// =========================================================================
// Exceptions
// =========================================================================
public static class DeviceIDException extends Exception {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8083699995384519417L;
private static final String NO_ANDROID_ID = "Could not retrieve a "
+ "device ID";
public DeviceIDException(Throwable throwable) {
super(NO_ANDROID_ID, throwable);
}
public DeviceIDException(String detailMessage) {
super(detailMessage);
}
public DeviceIDException() {
super(NO_ANDROID_ID);
}
}
public static final class DeviceIDNotUniqueException extends
DeviceIDException {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8940090896069484955L;
public DeviceIDNotUniqueException() {
super(ANDROID_ID_BUG_MSG);
}
}
}
其他回答
Settings.Secure#ANDROID_ID返回每个用户64位十六进制字符串的唯一ANDROID ID。
import android.provider.Settings.Secure;
private String android_id = Secure.getString(getContext().getContentResolver(),
Secure.ANDROID_ID);
另请阅读唯一标识符的最佳实践：https://developer.android.com/training/articles/user-data-ids
不建议使用，因为deviceId可以在第三方手中用作跟踪，但这是另一种方式。
@SuppressLint("HardwareIds")
private String getDeviceID() {
deviceId = Settings.Secure.getString(getApplicationContext().getContentResolver(),
Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
return deviceId;
}
为了完整起见，以下是如何在Xamarin.Android和C#中获取Id：
var id = Settings.Secure.GetString(ContentResolver, Settings.Secure.AndroidId);
或者如果您不在“活动”中：
var id = Settings.Secure.GetString(context.ContentResolver, Settings.Secure.AndroidId);
其中上下文是传入的上下文。
以下是获得AAID的简单答案，测试工作正常2019年6月
AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> task = new AsyncTask<Void, Void, String>() {
@Override
protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
String token = null;
Info adInfo = null;
try {
adInfo = AdvertisingIdClient.getAdvertisingIdInfo(getApplicationContext());
} catch (IOException e) {
// ...
} catch ( GooglePlayServicesRepairableException e) {
// ...
} catch (GooglePlayServicesNotAvailableException e) {
// ...
}
String android_id = adInfo.getId();
Log.d("DEVICE_ID",android_id);
return android_id;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String token) {
Log.i(TAG, "DEVICE_ID Access token retrieved:" + token);
}
};
task.execute();
请在此处详细阅读完整答案：
Android在Android O之后限制硬件相关Id，Android_Id是唯一Id的解决方案，但当反射设备，它将生成新的android_id以克服此问题问题是我们可以使用DRUMID。
val WIDEVINE_UUID = UUID(-0x121074568629b532L, -0x5c37d8232ae2de13L)
val drumIDByteArray = MediaDrm(WIDEVINE_UUID).getPropertyByteArray(MediaDrm.PROPERTY_DEVICE_UNIQUE_ID)
val drumID = android.util.Base64.encodeToString(drumIDByteArray,android.util.Base64.DEFAULT)
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