是否有一种方法可以使用Java SE API在Java中创建一个非常基本的HTTP服务器(只支持GET/POST)，而不需要编写代码手动解析HTTP请求和手动格式化HTTP响应?Java SE API在HttpURLConnection中很好地封装了HTTP客户机功能，但是是否有类似的HTTP服务器功能呢?
需要明确的是，我在网上看到的许多ServerSocket示例的问题是，它们自己进行请求解析/响应格式化和错误处理，这很乏味，容易出错，而且不太全面，出于这些原因，我试图避免使用它。
当前回答
从Java 11开始，旧的com.sun.net.httpserver再次成为一个公开且被接受的API。你可以把它作为HttpServer类，作为jdk的一部分。httpserver模块。参见https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/jdk.httpserver/com/sun/net/httpserver/HttpServer.html
这个类实现了一个简单的HTTP服务器。HttpServer绑定到一个IP地址和端口号，并侦听来自该地址上客户端的传入TCP连接。子类httpserver实现了一个处理HTTPS请求的服务器。
因此，除了它的局限性之外，没有理由再避免使用它了。
我使用它在服务器应用程序中发布控件接口。从客户端请求读取User-agent头，我甚至以文本/纯方式响应CLI工具，如curl或以更优雅的HTML方式响应任何其他浏览器。
很酷很简单。
其他回答
Spark是最简单的，这里有一个快速入门指南:http://sparkjava.com/
试试这个https://github.com/devashish234073/Java-Socket-Http-Server/blob/master/README.md
这个API使用套接字创建了一个HTTP服务器。
它以文本的形式从浏览器获取请求 解析它来检索URL信息、方法、属性等。 使用定义的URL映射创建动态响应 将响应发送到浏览器。
例如，下面是response .java类中的构造函数如何将原始响应转换为http响应:
public Response(String resp){
Date date = new Date();
String start = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n";
String header = "Date: "+date.toString()+"\r\n";
header+= "Content-Type: text/html\r\n";
header+= "Content-length: "+resp.length()+"\r\n";
header+="\r\n";
this.resp=start+header+resp;
}
一个非常基本的HTTP服务器在TCP套接字级别的例子:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class NaiveHttpServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String hostname = InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName();
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8089);
while (true) {
Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
String s = in.readLine();
System.out.println(s);
while ("\r\n".equals(in.readLine()));
if ("GET /hostname HTTP/1.1".equals(s)) {
out.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
out.println("Connection: close");
out.println("Content-Type: text/plain");
out.println("Content-Length:" + hostname.length());
out.println();
out.println(hostname);
} else {
out.println("HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found");
out.println("Connection: close");
out.println();
}
out.flush();
}
}
}
该示例提供计算机的主机名。
我玩得很开心，我玩转了一下，拼凑出了这个。我希望这对你有所帮助。 你需要安装Gradle或者使用Maven插件。
build.gradle
plugins {
id 'application'
}
group 'foo.bar'
version '1.0'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
application{
mainClass.set("foo.FooServer")
}
dependencies {}
FooServer 主入口点，你的主类。
package foo;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class FooServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(7654);
serverSocket.setPerformancePreferences(0, 1, 2);
/* the higher the numbers, the better the concurrent performance, ha!
we found that a 3:7 ratio to be optimal
3 partitioned executors to 7 network executors */
ExecutorService executors = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
executors.execute(new PartitionedExecutor(serverSocket));
}
public static class PartitionedExecutor implements Runnable {
ServerSocket serverSocket;
public PartitionedExecutor(ServerSocket serverSocket) {
this.serverSocket = serverSocket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
ExecutorService executors = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(30);
executors.execute(new NetworkRequestExecutor(serverSocket, executors));
}
}
public static class NetworkRequestExecutor implements Runnable{
String IGNORE_CHROME = "/favicon.ico";
String BREAK = "\r\n";
String DOUBLEBREAK = "\r\n\r\n";
Integer REQUEST_METHOD = 0;
Integer REQUEST_PATH = 1;
Integer REQUEST_VERSION = 2;
String RENDERER;
Socket socketClient;
ExecutorService executors;
ServerSocket serverSocket;
public NetworkRequestExecutor(ServerSocket serverSocket, ExecutorService executors){
this.serverSocket = serverSocket;
this.executors = executors;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
socketClient = serverSocket.accept();
Thread.sleep(19);//do this for safari, its a hack but safari requires something like this.
InputStream requestInputStream = socketClient.getInputStream();
OutputStream clientOutput = socketClient.getOutputStream();
if (requestInputStream.available() == 0) {
requestInputStream.close();
clientOutput.flush();
clientOutput.close();
executors.execute(new NetworkRequestExecutor(serverSocket, executors));
return;
}
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
int bytesRead;
while ((bytesRead = requestInputStream.read(byteBuffer.array())) != -1) {
byteArrayOutputStream.write(byteBuffer.array(), 0, bytesRead);
if (requestInputStream.available() == 0) break;
}
String completeRequestContent = byteArrayOutputStream.toString();
String[] requestBlocks = completeRequestContent.split(DOUBLEBREAK, 2);
String headerComponent = requestBlocks[0];
String[] methodPathComponentsLookup = headerComponent.split(BREAK);
String methodPathComponent = methodPathComponentsLookup[0];
String[] methodPathVersionComponents = methodPathComponent.split("\\s");
String requestVerb = methodPathVersionComponents[REQUEST_METHOD];
String requestPath = methodPathVersionComponents[REQUEST_PATH];
String requestVersion = methodPathVersionComponents[REQUEST_VERSION];
if (requestPath.equals(IGNORE_CHROME)) {
requestInputStream.close();
clientOutput.flush();
clientOutput.close();
executors.execute(new NetworkRequestExecutor(serverSocket, executors));
return;
}
ConcurrentMap<String, String> headers = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
String[] headerComponents = headerComponent.split(BREAK);
for (String headerLine : headerComponents) {
String[] headerLineComponents = headerLine.split(":");
if (headerLineComponents.length == 2) {
String fieldKey = headerLineComponents[0].trim();
String content = headerLineComponents[1].trim();
headers.put(fieldKey.toLowerCase(), content);
}
}
clientOutput.write("HTTP/1.1 200 OK".getBytes());
clientOutput.write(BREAK.getBytes());
Integer bytesLength = "hi".length();
String contentLengthBytes = "Content-Length:" + bytesLength;
clientOutput.write(contentLengthBytes.getBytes());
clientOutput.write(BREAK.getBytes());
clientOutput.write("Server: foo server".getBytes());
clientOutput.write(BREAK.getBytes());
clientOutput.write("Content-Type: text/html".getBytes());
clientOutput.write(DOUBLEBREAK.getBytes());
clientOutput.write("hi".getBytes());
clientOutput.close();
socketClient.close();
executors.execute(new NetworkRequestExecutor(serverSocket, executors));
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException ioException) {
ioException.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
运行该程序:
gradle run
浏览:
http://localhost:7654/
检出简单。它是一个非常简单的嵌入式服务器，内置了对各种操作的支持。我特别喜欢它的线程模型..
神奇的!
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