和if语句一样，guard也根据表达式的布尔值执行语句。与if语句不同，guard语句只在条件不满足时运行。您可以将守卫更像Assert，但是可以优雅地退出，而不是崩溃。

请参考: http://ericcerney.com/swift-guard-statement/

来源:《Swift》中的Guard

让我们看一个例子来清楚地理解它

示例1:

func validate() {         
    guard 3>2 else {             
    print ("False")             
    return         
    }         
    print ("True") //True     
} 
validate()

在上面的例子中，我们看到3大于2，守卫else子句中的语句被跳过并打印True。

示例2:

func validate() {         
    guard 1>2 else {             
    print ("False")            //False 
    return         
    }         
    print ("True")      
} 
validate()

在上面的例子中，我们看到1小于2，守卫else子句内的语句被执行，False被打印出来，后面跟着return。

Example 3: gaurd let, unwrapping optionals through guard let

func getName(args myName: String?) {
     guard let name = myName, !name.isEmpty else {
     print ("Condition is false")          // Condition is false            return         
     }         
     print("Condition is met\(name)")     
} 
getName(args: "")

在上面的例子中，我们使用保护let来打开可选项。在函数getName中，我们定义了一个可选的字符串类型变量myName。然后使用守卫let检查变量myName是否为nil，如果没有赋值给name，再次检查，name不为空。如果两个条件都是合格的，即true, else块将被跳过并打印“条件符合名称”。

基本上，我们在这里检查两个用逗号分隔的东西，首先是展开和可选，然后检查它是否满足条件。

这里我们没有向函数传递任何东西，即空字符串，因此打印Condition为false。

func getName(args myName: String?) {
     guard let name = myName, !name.isEmpty else {
     print ("Condition is false")          
     return         
     }        
     print("Condition is met \(name)") // Condition is met Hello    
} getName(args: "Hello")

在这里，我们将“Hello”传递给函数，您可以看到输出打印为“Condition is met Hello”。

来自苹果文档:

保安声明

守卫语句用于在一个或多个条件不满足时将程序控制转移到作用域之外。

Synatx：

guard condition else {
    statements
}

优势:

1. 通过使用guard语句，我们可以摆脱深度嵌套的条件，这些条件的唯一目的是验证一组需求。

2. 它是专门为提前退出方法或函数而设计的。

如果你使用If，下面是它看起来的代码。

  let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { (data, response, error) in

        if error == nil {
            if let  statusCode = (response as? HTTPURLResponse)?.statusCode, statusCode >= 200 && statusCode <= 299 {
                if let data = data {

                    //Process Data Here.
                    print("Data: \(data)")

                } else {
                    print("No data was returned by the request!")
                }
            } else {
                print("Your request returned a status code other than 2XX!")
            }
        } else {
            print("Error Info: \(error.debugDescription)")
        }
    }
    task.resume()

如果一个或多个条件不满足，可以使用守卫将控制转移到作用域之外。

let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { (data, response, error) in

            /* GUARD: was there an error? */
            guard (error == nil) else {
                print("There was an error with your request: \(error)")
                return
            }

            /* GUARD: Did we get a successful 2XX response? */
            guard let statusCode = (response as? HTTPURLResponse)?.statusCode, statusCode >= 200 && statusCode <= 299 else {
                print("Your request returned a status code other than 2XX!")
                return
            }

            /* GUARD: was there any data returned? */
            guard let data = data else {
                print("No data was returned by the request!")
                return
            }

            //Process Data Here.
            print("Data: \(data)")
}
task.resume()

参考:

1. Swift 2:带着警卫早点离开 2. Udacity 3.保安声明

当使用守护满足条件时，它将在守护块中声明的变量暴露给代码块的其余部分，将它们带入其作用域。如前所述，这将在嵌套的if let语句中派上用场。

注意，guard在其else语句中要求return或throw。

使用Guard解析JSON

下面是一个如何使用guard而不是if-let解析JSON对象的示例。这是一篇博客文章的节选，其中包括一个playground文件，你可以在这里找到:

如何使用守卫在Swift 2解析JSON

func parseJSONWithGuard(data : [String : AnyObject]) throws -> Developer {

    guard let firstname = data["First"] as? String  else {
        return Developer() // we could return a nil Developer()
    }

    guard let lastname = data["Last"] as? String else {
        throw ParseError.BadName // or we could throw a custom exception and handle the error
    }

    guard let website = data["WebSite"] as? String else {
        throw ParseError.BadName
    }

    guard let iosDev = data["iosDeveloper"] as? Bool else {
        throw ParseError.BadName
    }



    return Developer(first: firstname, last: lastname, site: website, ios: iosDev)

}

下载操场:守卫操场

更多信息:

以下是Swift编程语言指南的节选:

If the guard statement’s condition is met, code execution continues after the guard statement’s closing brace. Any variables or constants that were assigned values using an optional binding as part of the condition are available for the rest of the code block that the guard statement appears in. If that condition is not met, the code inside the else branch is executed. That branch must transfer control to exit the code block that that guard statement appears in. It can do this with a control transfer statement such as return, break, or continue, or it can call a function or method that doesn’t return, such as fatalError().

和if语句一样，guard也根据表达式的布尔值执行语句。与if语句不同，guard语句只在条件不满足时运行。您可以将守卫更像Assert，但是可以优雅地退出，而不是崩溃。

请参考: http://ericcerney.com/swift-guard-statement/

它确实使具有多个查找和可选项的序列流更加简洁和清晰，并减少了大量if嵌套。参见Erica Sadun关于替换if的帖子. ....可能会忘乎所以，下面是一个例子:

    let filteredLinks = locationsLinkedToList.filter({$0.actionVerb == movementCommand})
    guard let foundLink = filteredLinks.first else {return ("<Person> cannot go in that direction.", nil, nil)}
    guard filteredLinks.count == 1 else {return ("<Person> cannot decide which route to take.", nil, nil)}
    guard let nextLocation = foundLink.toLocation else {return ("<Person> cannot go in that direction.", nil, nil)}

看看能不能坚持下去。