正如Alex Moore-Niemi所指出的，这适用于Mac:

set backupdir=$TMPDIR//
set directory=$TMPDIR//

确保使用TMPDIR而不是TEMPDIR。

在我的情况下，临时文件已经被之前的操作提交了，所以修改.gitignore不会影响那些提交的文件…，你必须git rm files_to_be_ignored——先缓存，然后提交，然后DONE。

下面是生成交换文件扩展名的实际VIM代码:

/* 
 * Change the ".swp" extension to find another file that can be used. 
 * First decrement the last char: ".swo", ".swn", etc. 
 * If that still isn't enough decrement the last but one char: ".svz" 
 * Can happen when editing many "No Name" buffers. 
 */
if (fname[n - 1] == 'a')        /* ".s?a" */
{   
    if (fname[n - 2] == 'a')    /* ".saa": tried enough, give up */
    {   
        EMSG(_("E326: Too many swap files found"));
        vim_free(fname);
        fname = NULL;
        break;  
    }
    --fname[n - 2];             /* ".svz", ".suz", etc. */
    fname[n - 1] = 'z' + 1;
}
--fname[n - 1];                 /* ".swo", ".swn", etc. */

这将生成如下格式的交换文件:

[._]*.s[a-v][a-z]
[._]*.sw[a-p]
[._]s[a-v][a-z]
[._]sw[a-p]

这几乎是包括在github自己的gitignore文件VIM。

正如其他人所正确指出的那样，这个.gitignore也会忽略.svg图像文件和.swf adobe flash文件。

# VIM: Temperory files
*~

# VIM: Swap-files
[._]*.s[a-w][a-z]
[._]s[a-w][a-z]

# VIM: Commands :cs, :ctags
tags
cscope.*

# VIM session
Session.vim

# VIM: netrw.vim: Network oriented reading, writing, browsing (eg: ftp scp) 
.netrwhist

The name of the swap file is normally the same as the file you are editing, with the extension ".swp". On Unix, a '.' is prepended to swap file names in the same directory as the edited file. This avoids that the swap file shows up in a directory listing. On MS-DOS machines and when the 'shortname' option is on, any '.' in the original file name is replaced with '_'. If this file already exists (e.g., when you are recovering from a crash) a warning is given and another extension is used, ".swo", ".swn", etc. An existing file will never be overwritten. The swap file is deleted as soon as Vim stops editing the file. The replacement of '.' with '_' is done to avoid problems with MS-DOS compatible filesystems (e.g., crossdos, multidos).

http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/recover.html

http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=1075

我发现这会让git忽略vim创建的临时文件:

[._]*.s[a-w][a-z]
[._]s[a-w][a-z]
*.un~
Session.vim
.netrwhist
*~

也可以在这里观看。

我还建议忽略以下文件:

.*.swp
.*.swo

因为您可能有以.swp结尾的文件