Vim临时文件以~结尾，因此可以在文件中添加.gitignore行

*~

Vim还创建了具有swp和swo扩展名的交换文件。要删除这些字符，请使用以下语句:

*.swp
*.swo

这将忽略单个项目中的所有vim临时文件

如果你想全局执行，你可以在家里创建一个.gitignore文件(你可以给它另一个名字或位置)，并使用以下命令:

git config --global core.excludesfile ~/.gitignore

然后，您只需将想要忽略的文件添加到该文件中。

如果你想在Git文件中注释，你必须在单独的行中这样做:

# Ignore vim files:
*~
*.swp
*.swo

与活动git忽略放在同一行上的任何注释都将导致整行被错误解释。

或者，您可以配置vim以将交换文件保存到单独的位置， 例如，在你的.vimrc文件中添加如下代码行:

set backupdir=$TEMP//
set directory=$TEMP//

有关更多信息，请参阅这个vim技巧。

我还建议忽略以下文件:

.*.swp
.*.swo

因为您可能有以.swp结尾的文件

# VIM: Temperory files
*~

# VIM: Swap-files
[._]*.s[a-w][a-z]
[._]s[a-w][a-z]

# VIM: Commands :cs, :ctags
tags
cscope.*

# VIM session
Session.vim

# VIM: netrw.vim: Network oriented reading, writing, browsing (eg: ftp scp) 
.netrwhist

The name of the swap file is normally the same as the file you are editing, with the extension ".swp". On Unix, a '.' is prepended to swap file names in the same directory as the edited file. This avoids that the swap file shows up in a directory listing. On MS-DOS machines and when the 'shortname' option is on, any '.' in the original file name is replaced with '_'. If this file already exists (e.g., when you are recovering from a crash) a warning is given and another extension is used, ".swo", ".swn", etc. An existing file will never be overwritten. The swap file is deleted as soon as Vim stops editing the file. The replacement of '.' with '_' is done to avoid problems with MS-DOS compatible filesystems (e.g., crossdos, multidos).

http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/recover.html

http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=1075

下面是生成交换文件扩展名的实际VIM代码:

/* 
 * Change the ".swp" extension to find another file that can be used. 
 * First decrement the last char: ".swo", ".swn", etc. 
 * If that still isn't enough decrement the last but one char: ".svz" 
 * Can happen when editing many "No Name" buffers. 
 */
if (fname[n - 1] == 'a')        /* ".s?a" */
{   
    if (fname[n - 2] == 'a')    /* ".saa": tried enough, give up */
    {   
        EMSG(_("E326: Too many swap files found"));
        vim_free(fname);
        fname = NULL;
        break;  
    }
    --fname[n - 2];             /* ".svz", ".suz", etc. */
    fname[n - 1] = 'z' + 1;
}
--fname[n - 1];                 /* ".swo", ".swn", etc. */

这将生成如下格式的交换文件:

[._]*.s[a-v][a-z]
[._]*.sw[a-p]
[._]s[a-v][a-z]
[._]sw[a-p]

这几乎是包括在github自己的gitignore文件VIM。

正如其他人所正确指出的那样，这个.gitignore也会忽略.svg图像文件和.swf adobe flash文件。

如果您正在使用源代码控制。Vim临时文件非常无用。 因此，您可能希望配置vim不创建它们。

只需编辑您的~/。Vimrc并添加这些行:

set nobackup
set noswapfile