是否有可能找到给定包中的所有类或接口?(快速看了一下e.g. Package,似乎没有。)
当前回答
我一直在尝试使用Reflections库,但在使用它时遇到了一些问题,而且为了简单地获取包上的类,我应该包含太多的jar。
我将在这个重复的问题中发布一个解决方案:如何在包中获得所有类的名称?
答案由sp00m撰写;我添加了一些更正,使其工作:
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
public final class ClassFinder {
private final static char DOT = '.';
private final static char SLASH = '/';
private final static String CLASS_SUFFIX = ".class";
private final static String BAD_PACKAGE_ERROR = "Unable to get resources from path '%s'. Are you sure the given '%s' package exists?";
public final static List<Class<?>> find(final String scannedPackage) {
final ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
final String scannedPath = scannedPackage.replace(DOT, SLASH);
final Enumeration<URL> resources;
try {
resources = classLoader.getResources(scannedPath);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(BAD_PACKAGE_ERROR, scannedPath, scannedPackage), e);
}
final List<Class<?>> classes = new LinkedList<Class<?>>();
while (resources.hasMoreElements()) {
final File file = new File(resources.nextElement().getFile());
classes.addAll(find(file, scannedPackage));
}
return classes;
}
private final static List<Class<?>> find(final File file, final String scannedPackage) {
final List<Class<?>> classes = new LinkedList<Class<?>>();
if (file.isDirectory()) {
for (File nestedFile : file.listFiles()) {
classes.addAll(find(nestedFile, scannedPackage));
}
//File names with the $1, $2 holds the anonymous inner classes, we are not interested on them.
} else if (file.getName().endsWith(CLASS_SUFFIX) && !file.getName().contains("$")) {
final int beginIndex = 0;
final int endIndex = file.getName().length() - CLASS_SUFFIX.length();
final String className = file.getName().substring(beginIndex, endIndex);
try {
final String resource = scannedPackage + DOT + className;
classes.add(Class.forName(resource));
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ignore) {
}
}
return classes;
}
}
要使用它,只需调用本例中提到的sp00n的find方法: 如果需要的话,我还添加了类实例的创建。
List<Class<?>> classes = ClassFinder.find("com.package");
ExcelReporting excelReporting;
for (Class<?> aClass : classes) {
Constructor constructor = aClass.getConstructor();
//Create an object of the class type
constructor.newInstance();
//...
}
其他回答
我是这样做的。我扫描所有的子文件夹(子包),我不尝试加载匿名类:
/**
* Attempts to list all the classes in the specified package as determined
* by the context class loader, recursively, avoiding anonymous classes
*
* @param pckgname
* the package name to search
* @return a list of classes that exist within that package
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
* if something went wrong
*/
private static List<Class> getClassesForPackage(String pckgname) throws ClassNotFoundException {
// This will hold a list of directories matching the pckgname. There may be more than one if a package is split over multiple jars/paths
ArrayList<File> directories = new ArrayList<File>();
String packageToPath = pckgname.replace('.', '/');
try {
ClassLoader cld = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (cld == null) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException("Can't get class loader.");
}
// Ask for all resources for the packageToPath
Enumeration<URL> resources = cld.getResources(packageToPath);
while (resources.hasMoreElements()) {
directories.add(new File(URLDecoder.decode(resources.nextElement().getPath(), "UTF-8")));
}
} catch (NullPointerException x) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(pckgname + " does not appear to be a valid package (Null pointer exception)");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException encex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(pckgname + " does not appear to be a valid package (Unsupported encoding)");
} catch (IOException ioex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException("IOException was thrown when trying to get all resources for " + pckgname);
}
ArrayList<Class> classes = new ArrayList<Class>();
// For every directoryFile identified capture all the .class files
while (!directories.isEmpty()){
File directoryFile = directories.remove(0);
if (directoryFile.exists()) {
// Get the list of the files contained in the package
File[] files = directoryFile.listFiles();
for (File file : files) {
// we are only interested in .class files
if ((file.getName().endsWith(".class")) && (!file.getName().contains("$"))) {
// removes the .class extension
int index = directoryFile.getPath().indexOf(packageToPath);
String packagePrefix = directoryFile.getPath().substring(index).replace('/', '.');;
try {
String className = packagePrefix + '.' + file.getName().substring(0, file.getName().length() - 6);
classes.add(Class.forName(className));
} catch (NoClassDefFoundError e)
{
// do nothing. this class hasn't been found by the loader, and we don't care.
}
} else if (file.isDirectory()){ // If we got to a subdirectory
directories.add(new File(file.getPath()));
}
}
} else {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(pckgname + " (" + directoryFile.getPath() + ") does not appear to be a valid package");
}
}
return classes;
}
我整理了一个简单的github项目来解决这个问题:
https://github.com/ddopson/java-class-enumerator
它既适用于基于文件的类路径,也适用于jar文件。
如果你在签出项目后运行'make',它将打印出以下内容:
Cleaning...
rm -rf build/
Building...
javac -d build/classes src/pro/ddopson/ClassEnumerator.java src/test/ClassIShouldFindOne.java src/test/ClassIShouldFindTwo.java src/test/subpkg/ClassIShouldFindThree.java src/test/TestClassEnumeration.java
Making JAR Files...
jar cf build/ClassEnumerator_test.jar -C build/classes/ .
jar cf build/ClassEnumerator.jar -C build/classes/ pro
Running Filesystem Classpath Test...
java -classpath build/classes test.TestClassEnumeration
ClassDiscovery: Package: 'test' becomes Resource: 'file:/Users/Dopson/work/other/java-class-enumeration/build/classes/test'
ClassDiscovery: Reading Directory '/Users/Dopson/work/other/java-class-enumeration/build/classes/test'
ClassDiscovery: FileName 'ClassIShouldFindOne.class' => class 'test.ClassIShouldFindOne'
ClassDiscovery: FileName 'ClassIShouldFindTwo.class' => class 'test.ClassIShouldFindTwo'
ClassDiscovery: FileName 'subpkg' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: Reading Directory '/Users/Dopson/work/other/java-class-enumeration/build/classes/test/subpkg'
ClassDiscovery: FileName 'ClassIShouldFindThree.class' => class 'test.subpkg.ClassIShouldFindThree'
ClassDiscovery: FileName 'TestClassEnumeration.class' => class 'test.TestClassEnumeration'
Running JAR Classpath Test...
java -classpath build/ClassEnumerator_test.jar test.TestClassEnumeration
ClassDiscovery: Package: 'test' becomes Resource: 'jar:file:/Users/Dopson/work/other/java-class-enumeration/build/ClassEnumerator_test.jar!/test'
ClassDiscovery: Reading JAR file: '/Users/Dopson/work/other/java-class-enumeration/build/ClassEnumerator_test.jar'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'META-INF/' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'META-INF/MANIFEST.MF' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'pro/' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'pro/ddopson/' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'pro/ddopson/ClassEnumerator.class' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'test/' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'test/ClassIShouldFindOne.class' => class 'test.ClassIShouldFindOne'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'test/ClassIShouldFindTwo.class' => class 'test.ClassIShouldFindTwo'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'test/subpkg/' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'test/subpkg/ClassIShouldFindThree.class' => class 'test.subpkg.ClassIShouldFindThree'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'test/TestClassEnumeration.class' => class 'test.TestClassEnumeration'
Tests Passed.
另见我的另一个答案
谷歌Guava 14包含了一个新类ClassPath,它有三个方法来扫描顶级类:
getTopLevelClasses () getTopLevelClasses(管柱packageName) getTopLevelClassesRecursive(管柱packageName)
有关更多信息,请参阅ClassPath javadocs。
您可能应该看看开源的Reflections库。有了它,你可以很容易地实现你想要的。
首先,设置反射索引(这有点乱,因为搜索所有类默认是禁用的):
List<ClassLoader> classLoadersList = new LinkedList<ClassLoader>();
classLoadersList.add(ClasspathHelper.contextClassLoader());
classLoadersList.add(ClasspathHelper.staticClassLoader());
Reflections reflections = new Reflections(new ConfigurationBuilder()
.setScanners(new SubTypesScanner(false /* don't exclude Object.class */), new ResourcesScanner())
.setUrls(ClasspathHelper.forClassLoader(classLoadersList.toArray(new ClassLoader[0])))
.filterInputsBy(new FilterBuilder().include(FilterBuilder.prefix("org.your.package"))));
然后你可以查询给定包中的所有对象:
Set<Class<?>> classes = reflections.getSubTypesOf(Object.class);
目前列出给定包中所有类的最健壮的机制是ClassGraph,因为它处理尽可能广泛的类路径规范机制,包括新的JPMS模块系统。(我是作者。)
List<String> classNames = new ArrayList<>();
try (ScanResult scanResult = new ClassGraph().acceptPackages("my.package")
.enableClassInfo().scan()) {
classNames.addAll(scanResult.getAllClasses().getNames());
}
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