是否有可能找到给定包中的所有类或接口?(快速看了一下e.g. Package,似乎没有。)
当前回答
这是非常有可能的,但是如果没有像Reflections这样的附加库,这就很难了。 这很困难,因为你没有完整的工具来获取类名。 然后,我取ClassFinder类的代码:
package play.util;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
import java.util.jar.JarFile;
/**
* Created by LINKOR on 26.05.2017 in 15:12.
* Date: 2017.05.26
*/
public class FileClassFinder {
private JarFile file;
private boolean trouble;
public FileClassFinder(String filePath) {
try {
file = new JarFile(filePath);
} catch (IOException e) {
trouble = true;
}
}
public List<String> findClasses(String pkg) {
ArrayList<String> classes = new ArrayList<>();
Enumeration<JarEntry> entries = file.entries();
while (entries.hasMoreElements()) {
JarEntry cls = entries.nextElement();
if (!cls.isDirectory()) {
String fileName = cls.getName();
String className = fileName.replaceAll("/", ".").replaceAll(File.pathSeparator, ".").substring(0, fileName.lastIndexOf('.'));
if (className.startsWith(pkg)) classes.add(className.substring(pkg.length() + 1));
}
}
return classes;
}
}
其他回答
不使用任何额外的库:
package test;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
List<Class> classes = getClasses(Test.class.getClassLoader(),"test");
for(Class c:classes){
System.out.println("Class: "+c);
}
}
public static List<Class> getClasses(ClassLoader cl,String pack) throws Exception{
String dottedPackage = pack.replaceAll("[/]", ".");
List<Class> classes = new ArrayList<Class>();
URL upackage = cl.getResource(pack);
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream((InputStream) upackage.getContent());
String line = null;
while ((line = dis.readLine()) != null) {
if(line.endsWith(".class")) {
classes.add(Class.forName(dottedPackage+"."+line.substring(0,line.lastIndexOf('.'))));
}
}
return classes;
}
}
这是不可能的,因为包中的所有类都可能不会被加载,而你总是知道一个类的包。
你可以使用这个使用ClassLoader的method1。
/**
* Scans all classes accessible from the context class loader which belong to the given package and subpackages.
*
* @param packageName The base package
* @return The classes
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
* @throws IOException
*/
private static Class[] getClasses(String packageName)
throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException {
ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
assert classLoader != null;
String path = packageName.replace('.', '/');
Enumeration<URL> resources = classLoader.getResources(path);
List<File> dirs = new ArrayList<File>();
while (resources.hasMoreElements()) {
URL resource = resources.nextElement();
dirs.add(new File(resource.getFile()));
}
ArrayList<Class> classes = new ArrayList<Class>();
for (File directory : dirs) {
classes.addAll(findClasses(directory, packageName));
}
return classes.toArray(new Class[classes.size()]);
}
/**
* Recursive method used to find all classes in a given directory and subdirs.
*
* @param directory The base directory
* @param packageName The package name for classes found inside the base directory
* @return The classes
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
*/
private static List<Class> findClasses(File directory, String packageName) throws ClassNotFoundException {
List<Class> classes = new ArrayList<Class>();
if (!directory.exists()) {
return classes;
}
File[] files = directory.listFiles();
for (File file : files) {
if (file.isDirectory()) {
assert !file.getName().contains(".");
classes.addAll(findClasses(file, packageName + "." + file.getName()));
} else if (file.getName().endsWith(".class")) {
classes.add(Class.forName(packageName + '.' + file.getName().substring(0, file.getName().length() - 6)));
}
}
return classes;
}
__________ 1 .该方法最初取自http://snippets.dzone.com/posts/show/4831,由互联网档案馆存档,如现在所示。该代码片段也可以在https://dzone.com/articles/get-all-classes-within-package上获得。
如果你在Spring-land,你可以使用PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
Resource[] resources = resolver.getResources("classpath*:some/package/name/*.class");
Arrays.asList(resources).forEach(r->{
...
});
你好。我总是对上面的解决方案(以及其他网站上的)有一些问题。 我,作为一名开发人员,正在为API编程一个插件。该API防止使用任何外部库或第三方工具。设置还包括jar或zip文件中的代码和直接位于某些目录中的类文件。所以我的代码必须能够解决每一个设置。经过大量的研究,我想出了一个方法,可以在所有可能的设置中至少95%的情况下工作。
下面的代码基本上是总是有效的overkill方法。
代码:
这段代码扫描给定包中包含的所有类。它只对当前ClassLoader中的所有类有效。
/**
* Private helper method
*
* @param directory
* The directory to start with
* @param pckgname
* The package name to search for. Will be needed for getting the
* Class object.
* @param classes
* if a file isn't loaded but still is in the directory
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
*/
private static void checkDirectory(File directory, String pckgname,
ArrayList<Class<?>> classes) throws ClassNotFoundException {
File tmpDirectory;
if (directory.exists() && directory.isDirectory()) {
final String[] files = directory.list();
for (final String file : files) {
if (file.endsWith(".class")) {
try {
classes.add(Class.forName(pckgname + '.'
+ file.substring(0, file.length() - 6)));
} catch (final NoClassDefFoundError e) {
// do nothing. this class hasn't been found by the
// loader, and we don't care.
}
} else if ((tmpDirectory = new File(directory, file))
.isDirectory()) {
checkDirectory(tmpDirectory, pckgname + "." + file, classes);
}
}
}
}
/**
* Private helper method.
*
* @param connection
* the connection to the jar
* @param pckgname
* the package name to search for
* @param classes
* the current ArrayList of all classes. This method will simply
* add new classes.
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
* if a file isn't loaded but still is in the jar file
* @throws IOException
* if it can't correctly read from the jar file.
*/
private static void checkJarFile(JarURLConnection connection,
String pckgname, ArrayList<Class<?>> classes)
throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException {
final JarFile jarFile = connection.getJarFile();
final Enumeration<JarEntry> entries = jarFile.entries();
String name;
for (JarEntry jarEntry = null; entries.hasMoreElements()
&& ((jarEntry = entries.nextElement()) != null);) {
name = jarEntry.getName();
if (name.contains(".class")) {
name = name.substring(0, name.length() - 6).replace('/', '.');
if (name.contains(pckgname)) {
classes.add(Class.forName(name));
}
}
}
}
/**
* Attempts to list all the classes in the specified package as determined
* by the context class loader
*
* @param pckgname
* the package name to search
* @return a list of classes that exist within that package
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
* if something went wrong
*/
public static ArrayList<Class<?>> getClassesForPackage(String pckgname)
throws ClassNotFoundException {
final ArrayList<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
try {
final ClassLoader cld = Thread.currentThread()
.getContextClassLoader();
if (cld == null)
throw new ClassNotFoundException("Can't get class loader.");
final Enumeration<URL> resources = cld.getResources(pckgname
.replace('.', '/'));
URLConnection connection;
for (URL url = null; resources.hasMoreElements()
&& ((url = resources.nextElement()) != null);) {
try {
connection = url.openConnection();
if (connection instanceof JarURLConnection) {
checkJarFile((JarURLConnection) connection, pckgname,
classes);
} else if (connection instanceof FileURLConnection) {
try {
checkDirectory(
new File(URLDecoder.decode(url.getPath(),
"UTF-8")), pckgname, classes);
} catch (final UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(
pckgname
+ " does not appear to be a valid package (Unsupported encoding)",
ex);
}
} else
throw new ClassNotFoundException(pckgname + " ("
+ url.getPath()
+ ") does not appear to be a valid package");
} catch (final IOException ioex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(
"IOException was thrown when trying to get all resources for "
+ pckgname, ioex);
}
}
} catch (final NullPointerException ex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(
pckgname
+ " does not appear to be a valid package (Null pointer exception)",
ex);
} catch (final IOException ioex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(
"IOException was thrown when trying to get all resources for "
+ pckgname, ioex);
}
return classes;
}
这三个方法使您能够查找给定包中的所有类。 你可以这样使用它:
getClassesForPackage("package.your.classes.are.in");
解释:
该方法首先获取当前的ClassLoader。然后,它获取包含该包的所有资源,并迭代这些url。然后它创建一个URLConnection并确定我们拥有的URl类型。它可以是一个目录(FileURLConnection),也可以是一个jar或zip文件中的目录(JarURLConnection)。根据我们所拥有的连接类型,将调用两个不同的方法。
首先让我们看看如果它是一个FileURLConnection会发生什么。 它首先检查传递的File是否存在,是否为目录。如果是这样,它会检查它是否是类文件。如果是这样,一个Class对象将被创建并放入数组列表中。如果它不是一个类文件,而是一个目录,我们只需迭代它,并做同样的事情。所有其他案例/文件将被忽略。
如果URLConnection是JarURLConnection,另一个私有助手方法将被调用。此方法迭代zip/jar存档中的所有条目。如果一个条目是一个类文件,并且在包内部,一个class对象将被创建并存储在ArrayList中。
在所有资源被解析后,它(main方法)返回包含给定包中当前ClassLoader所知道的所有类的ArrayList。
如果进程在任何时候失败,将抛出一个ClassNotFoundException,其中包含关于确切原因的详细信息。
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