如果有两个变量:

Object obj;
String methodName = "getName";

在不知道obj的类的情况下,我如何调用由methodName识别的方法?

被调用的方法没有参数,只有一个String返回值。它是Java bean的getter。


当前回答

如果多次调用,则可以使用Java 7中引入的新方法句柄。现在我们开始你的方法返回一个字符串:

Object obj = new Point( 100, 200 );
String methodName = "toString";  
Class<String> resultType = String.class;

MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType( resultType );
MethodHandle methodHandle = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual( obj.getClass(), methodName, mt );
String result = resultType.cast( methodHandle.invoke( obj ) );

System.out.println( result );  // java.awt.Point[x=100,y=200]

其他回答

从通俗的角度来说,它应该是这样的:

java.lang.reflect.Method method;
try {
  method = obj.getClass().getMethod(methodName, param1.class, param2.class, ..);
} catch (SecurityException e) { ... }
  catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { ... }

参数确定你需要的非常具体的方法(如果有几个重载可用,如果方法没有参数,只给出methodName)。

然后通过调用调用该方法

try {
  method.invoke(obj, arg1, arg2,...);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { ... }
  catch (IllegalAccessException e) { ... }
  catch (InvocationTargetException e) { ... }

同样,如果没有.invoke中的参数,请省略。但是是的。阅读Java反射

使用import java.lang.reflect.*;

public static Object launchProcess(String className, String methodName, Class<?>[] argsTypes, Object[] methodArgs)
        throws Exception {

    Class<?> processClass = Class.forName(className); // convert string classname to class
    Object process = processClass.newInstance(); // invoke empty constructor

    Method aMethod = process.getClass().getMethod(methodName,argsTypes);
    Object res = aMethod.invoke(process, methodArgs); // pass arg
    return(res);
}

下面是你如何使用它:

String className = "com.example.helloworld";
String methodName = "print";
Class<?>[] argsTypes = {String.class,  String.class};
Object[] methArgs = { "hello", "world" };   
launchProcess(className, methodName, argsTypes, methArgs);
Method method = someVariable.class.getMethod(SomeClass);
String status = (String) method.invoke(method);

SomeClass是类,somvariable是变量。

对于那些在同一个类中调用非静态方法的方法,请参见下面的代码:

class Person {
    public void method1() {
        try {
            Method m2 = this.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("method2");
            m1.invoke(this);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void method2() {
        // Do something
    }

}

这里是准备使用的方法:

调用一个不带参数的方法:

public static void callMethodByName(Object object, String methodName) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException {
    object.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName).invoke(object);
}

使用Arguments调用一个方法:

    public static void callMethodByName(Object object, String methodName, int i, String s) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException {
        object.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName, int.class, String.class).invoke(object, i, s);
    }

使用上述方法如下:

package practice;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

public class MethodInvoke {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException, IOException {
        String methodName1 = "methodA";
        String methodName2 = "methodB";
        MethodInvoke object = new MethodInvoke();
        callMethodByName(object, methodName1);
        callMethodByName(object, methodName2, 1, "Test");
    }

    public static void callMethodByName(Object object, String methodName) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException {
        object.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName).invoke(object);
    }

    public static void callMethodByName(Object object, String methodName, int i, String s) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException {
        object.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName, int.class, String.class).invoke(object, i, s);
    }

    void methodA() {
        System.out.println("Method A");
    }

    void methodB(int i, String s) {
        System.out.println("Method B: "+"\n\tParam1 - "+i+"\n\tParam 2 - "+s);
    }
}

输出:

Method A  
Method B:  
	Param1 - 1  
	Param 2 - Test